Deksne Gunita, Mateusa Maira, Cvetkova Svetlana, Derbakova Alīna, Keidāne Dace, Troell Karin, Schares Gereon
Institute of Food safety, Animal health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Str. 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
Institute of Food safety, Animal health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Str. 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life sciences and Technologies, K. Helmaņa Str. 8, Jelgava LV-3004, Latvia.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2022 Feb;28:100677. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100677. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
The epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. in Latvia was investigated by testing fecal samples from 926 animals aged from one day to 24 years for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The samples were collected from 87 cattle farms and from four slaughterhouses, and analyzed by conventional and fluorescent microscopy, followed by Cryptosporidium species and C. parvum subtype differentiation. Moreover, using a questionnaire, we surveyed factors that could be relevant as risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. infection on the farms. Cryptosporidium spp. were shed by 33.8% of the investigated cattle and at least one shedding animal was found on 77.8% of the farms. In the present study, all four Cryptosporidium species reported to commonly infect cattle and two additional Cryptosporidium species (C. scrofarum and C. ubiquitum) were identified. In addition, mix infections of C. parvum/C. bovis, C. bovis/C. ryanae, C. parvum/C. ryanae, C. parvum/C. andersoni and C. bovis/C. andersoni were observed. C. parvum and C. bovis was mostly prevalent in young animals (0-3 months old) and in addition, diarrhea associated with C. parvum infection was observed only in very young animals. Cryptosporidium andersoni and C. ryanae in age group 0-3 months was observed in low prevalence, while a higher proportion of animals with diarrhea associated with C. andersoni infection was observed in very young animals and with C. ryanae in animals age group 4-24 months. Eight previously described C. parvum subtypes were observed. The majority of the subtypes were in the IIa subtype family, while one subtype was identified from the IId subtype family. The most common subtype was IIaA15G2R1, which was found in 34.2% of the C. parvum successfully subtyped samples. The probability of Cryptosporidium spp. associated diarrhea in cattle decreased significantly with the age of the animals and a prolonged period during which calves were fed with milk.
通过检测926只年龄从1天到24岁动物的粪便样本中隐孢子虫属卵囊的存在情况，对拉脱维亚隐孢子虫属的流行病学进行了调查。样本采集自87个养牛场和4个屠宰场，并通过传统显微镜和荧光显微镜进行分析，随后进行隐孢子虫种类和微小隐孢子虫亚型鉴别。此外，我们通过问卷调查，对可能作为农场隐孢子虫属感染风险因素的相关因素进行了调查。33.8%的受调查牛排出了隐孢子虫属，77.8%的农场发现了至少一只排虫动物。在本研究中，鉴定出了所有四种据报道通常感染牛的隐孢子虫种类以及另外两种隐孢子虫种类（猪隐孢子虫和泛在隐孢子虫）。此外，还观察到微小隐孢子虫/牛隐孢子虫、牛隐孢子虫/雷氏隐孢子虫、微小隐孢子虫/雷氏隐孢子虫、微小隐孢子虫/安氏隐孢子虫和牛隐孢子虫/安氏隐孢子虫的混合感染。微小隐孢子虫和牛隐孢子虫在幼龄动物（0 - 3个月大）中最为普遍，此外，仅在非常年幼的动物中观察到与微小隐孢子虫感染相关的腹泻。0 - 3个月龄组中的安氏隐孢子虫和雷氏隐孢子虫患病率较低，而在非常年幼的动物中观察到与安氏隐孢子虫感染相关腹泻的动物比例较高，在4 - 24个月龄组的动物中与雷氏隐孢子虫感染相关腹泻的动物比例较高。观察到了8种先前描述的微小隐孢子虫亚型。大多数亚型属于IIa亚型家族，而从IId亚型家族中鉴定出了一种亚型。最常见的亚型是IIaA15G2R1，在成功进行亚型分型的微小隐孢子虫样本中占34.2%。牛隐孢子虫属相关腹泻的概率随着动物年龄的增长以及小牛喂牛奶时间的延长而显著降低。
