Scher K S, Wroczynski A F, Jones C W
Am J Surg. 1986 Feb;151(2):209-12. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(86)90071-1.
An animal wound model was used to evaluate single dose cefazolin, multiple dose cefazolin, and single dose cefonicid in the prevention of wound infection. Incisions made in Swiss-Webster mice were contaminated with either Staph. aureus (1.94 X 10(8) colony forming units) or E. coli (4.39 X 10(8) colony forming units). Five experimental groups were studied. Group I encompassed control animals given saline solution, Group II animals given 10 mg cefazolin preoperatively, Group III animals given 10 mg of cefazolin preoperatively and postoperatively, Group IV animals given 10 mg of cefonicid preoperatively, and Group V animals given 20 mg of cefonicid preoperatively. All medications were given by intraperitoneal injection. Antibiotics were given 1 hour before operation. Postoperative doses were given 4 hours after operation. Incisions were opened 48 hours after surgery and wound bacterial concentrations were determined. After both Staph. aureus and E. coli contamination, each of the four cephalosporin regimens significantly reduced the mean wound bacterial concentrations compared with that of the control animals (p less than 0.001). Each of the four cephalosporin regimens also significantly reduced the number of infected wounds compared with that of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). No significant differences were noted among the four antibiotic regimens with respect to mean wound bacterial concentration or infection rate. In the context of this model, a single dose of cefazolin seems to be equally effective as multiple doses of the drug for surgical prophylaxis. Extended half-life cephalosporins, like cefonicid, do not appear to be more effective than a single dose of cefazolin, which is a much less expensive antibiotic.
使用动物伤口模型评估单剂量头孢唑林、多剂量头孢唑林和单剂量头孢尼西预防伤口感染的效果。在瑞士 Webster 小鼠身上制造切口，并用金黄色葡萄球菌（1.94×10⁸ 菌落形成单位）或大肠杆菌（4.39×10⁸ 菌落形成单位）污染。研究了五个实验组。第一组包括给予生理盐水的对照动物，第二组动物术前给予 10mg 头孢唑林，第三组动物术前和术后均给予 10mg 头孢唑林，第四组动物术前给予 10mg 头孢尼西，第五组动物术前给予 20mg 头孢尼西。所有药物均通过腹腔注射给药。抗生素在手术前 1 小时给予。术后剂量在手术后 4 小时给予。术后 48 小时打开切口并测定伤口细菌浓度。在金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染后，与对照动物相比，四种头孢菌素方案中的每一种均显著降低了平均伤口细菌浓度（p<0.001）。与对照受试者相比，四种头孢菌素方案中的每一种也显著减少了感染伤口的数量（p<0.001）。在平均伤口细菌浓度或感染率方面，四种抗生素方案之间未观察到显著差异。在该模型中，单剂量头孢唑林似乎与多剂量该药物用于手术预防同样有效。半衰期延长的头孢菌素，如头孢尼西，似乎并不比单剂量头孢唑林更有效，而头孢唑林是一种价格便宜得多的抗生素。
