Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Cecil G Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022 Feb 4;8(2):e25890. doi: 10.2196/25890.
Mobile health (mHealth) and web-based technological advances allow for new approaches to deliver behavioral interventions for chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. African American and Hispanic adults experience a disproportionate burden of major chronic diseases.
This paper reviews the evidence for mHealth and web-based interventions for diabetes and obesity in African American and Hispanic adults.
Literature searches of PubMed/Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, Scopus, and Library & Information Science Source were conducted for relevant English-language articles. Articles identified through searches were reviewed by 2 investigators and, if they met the inclusion criteria, were extracted and assessed for risk of bias. Findings were summarized in tabular and narrative format. The overall strength of the evidence was assessed as high, moderate, low, or insufficient on the basis of risk of bias, consistency of findings, directness, precision, and other limitations.
Searches yielded 2358 electronic publications, 196 reports were found to be eligible for inclusion, and 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. All 7 included studies were randomized control trials. Five studies evaluated the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention for weight loss, including one that evaluated the effectiveness for diabetes and two studies focused on diabetes. Of all the studies that focused on weight loss, 3 reported significant differences in weight loss in participants in the intervention group compared with those in the usual care group. Although all studies on diabetes control showed greater improvement in glycemic control for the intervention group compared to that in the control group, only one study showed a significant difference between the 2 groups.
This analysis indicates that there are few published studies that assessed mHealth interventions among minority populations and focused on weight or diabetes. Although the overall strength of evidence was low for diabetes control, it was moderate for weight loss, and our findings suggest that mHealth and web-based interventions may provide a promising approach for interventions among African American and Hispanic adults who have obesity or diabetes.
移动健康（mHealth）和基于网络的技术进步为提供行为干预措施以治疗肥胖症和糖尿病等慢性疾病提供了新的方法。非裔美国人和西班牙裔成年人患有主要慢性病的负担不成比例。
本文综述了 mHealth 和基于网络的干预措施在非裔美国人和西班牙裔成年人中治疗糖尿病和肥胖症的证据。
对 PubMed/Medline、Cochrane 图书馆、EMBASE、CINAHL Plus、全球健康、Scopus 和图书馆与信息科学资源进行了相关英文文献的检索。通过检索确定的文章由 2 位研究者进行了审查，如果符合纳入标准，则对其进行提取和评估偏倚风险。研究结果以表格和叙述形式进行了总结。根据偏倚风险、结果一致性、直接性、准确性和其他局限性，评估证据的总体强度为高、中、低或不足。
检索共获得 2358 篇电子出版物，发现 196 篇报告符合纳入标准，有 7 项研究符合纳入标准。所有 7 项纳入的研究均为随机对照试验。有 5 项研究评估了 mHealth 干预措施在减肥方面的有效性，其中 1 项研究评估了对糖尿病的有效性，还有 2 项研究专注于糖尿病。所有专注于减肥的研究中，有 3 项报告了干预组参与者体重减轻的差异有统计学意义，而对照组没有。虽然所有关于糖尿病控制的研究都显示干预组的血糖控制改善情况优于对照组，但只有 1 项研究显示了两组之间的显著差异。
该分析表明，发表的评估少数族裔人群中 mHealth 干预措施并专注于体重或糖尿病的研究很少。尽管糖尿病控制的证据总体强度较低，但减肥的证据强度中等，我们的研究结果表明，mHealth 和基于网络的干预措施可能为肥胖或糖尿病的非裔美国人和西班牙裔成年人提供一种有前途的干预方法。
