J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Apr;52(4):192-A5. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10585. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
To evaluate the effectiveness of running gait retraining on kinematics, kinetics, performance, pain, and injury in distance runners.
Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis.
Seven electronic databases from inception to March 2021.
Randomized controlled trials that (1) evaluated running gait retraining compared to no intervention, usual training, placebo, or standard care and (2) reported biomechanical, physiological, performance, or clinical outcomes.
Random-effects metaanalyses were completed, and the certainty of evidence was judged using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. We categorized interventions into step rate, non-rearfoot footstrike, impact, ground contact time, and multiparameter subgroups.
We included 19 trials (673 participants). Moderate-certainty evidence indicated step rate gait retraining increased step rate (SMD 1.03 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.63, 1.44]; number of trials (N): 4; : 0%) and reduced average vertical loading rate (SMD -0.57 [95% CI, -1.05 to -0.09], N: 3; : 0%). Low-certainty evidence indicated non-rearfoot footstrike retraining increased knee flexion at initial contact (SMD 0.74 [95% CI, 0.11 to 1.37]; N: 2; : 0%), but did not alter running economy (SMD 0.21 [95% CI, -1.11 to 1.52]; N: 3; : 19%).). Low-certainty evidence indicated multiparameter retraining did not alter running economy (SMD 0.32 [-0.39, 1.02]; N: 3; : 19%) or performance (SMD 0.14 [95% CI, -4.87 to 4.58]; N: 2; : 18%). Insufficient trials reported on pain outcomes. Two trials demonstrated reduced 1-year injury incidence following gait retraining.
Gait retraining interventions altered step rate and knee kinematics, lowered vertical loading rates, and did not affect running performance. .
评估跑步步态再训练对长跑运动员的运动学、动力学、表现、疼痛和损伤的有效性。
干预系统综述与荟萃分析。
从成立到 2021 年 3 月，七个电子数据库。
（1）评估跑步步态再训练与无干预、常规训练、安慰剂或标准护理相比的随机对照试验；（2）报告生物力学、生理学、表现或临床结果。
进行了随机效应荟萃分析，并使用推荐评估、制定和评估（GRADE）标准判断证据的确定性。我们将干预措施分为步频、非后足触地、冲击、地面接触时间和多参数亚组。
我们纳入了 19 项试验（673 名参与者）。中等确定性证据表明，步频步态再训练增加了步频（SMD 1.03 [95%置信区间 {CI}：0.63，1.44]；试验数量（N）：4；：0%），降低了平均垂直加载率（SMD -0.57 [95% CI，-1.05 至 -0.09]，N：3；：0%）。低确定性证据表明，非后足触地的足印再训练增加了初始接触时的膝关节屈曲（SMD 0.74 [95% CI，0.11 至 1.37]；N：2；：0%），但没有改变跑步经济性（SMD 0.21 [95% CI，-1.11 至 1.52]；N：3；：19%）。）。低确定性证据表明，多参数再训练不会改变跑步经济性（SMD 0.32 [-0.39，1.02]；N：3；：19%）或表现（SMD 0.14 [95% CI，-4.87 至 4.58]；N：2；：18%）。）。关于疼痛结果的试验报告不足。两项试验表明，步态再训练后 1 年的受伤发生率降低。
步态再训练干预改变了步频和膝关节运动学，降低了垂直加载率，并且不影响跑步表现。
