Liu Haijun, Hasan Mihray, Cui Dong, Yan Junjie, Sun Guojun
Institute of Resources and Ecology, Yili Normal University, Yining, China.
College of Biological and Geographical Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Feb 7;17(2):e0263229. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263229. eCollection 2022.
Evaluation of tourism competitiveness is useful for measuring the level of regional tourism development. It is of great importance to understand the advantages and disadvantages of tourism development correctly and formulate corresponding development strategies. To investigate tourism competitiveness, this paper established an evaluation index system, including tourism development competitiveness, tourism resource competitiveness, and tourism-support competitiveness, for 14 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang in China. The characteristics and laws of spatial differentiation were analyzed. Factor analysis was applied to examine the spatial differentiation of regional tourism competitiveness. The results showed an obvious spatial differentiation in tourism competitiveness among the 14 prefectures and cities. In terms of development competitiveness, Yili and Urumqi constituted the spatial center, followed by Changji, Altay, and Ba Prefecture. As the provincial capital, Urumqi has political, economic, cultural, transportation, and geographic advantages, but its competitiveness is not prominent in terms of monopoly and efficiency. In terms of resource competitiveness, Yili is the core attraction, while Urumqi, Kashgar, Altay, and Ba Prefecture are dominant attractions. With respect to supporting competitiveness, Bo Prefecture has high value, followed by Urumqi City and Aksu. Hetian and Ke Prefecture have the lowest values. The comprehensive competitiveness of tourism is centered on Yili. Urumqi and Bo Prefecture are subcenters, and Changji, Altay, Ba Prefecture, Aksu, and Kashgar are characterized as multi-polar competition areas. Using the KMO and Bartlett's sphericity tests, the cumulative contribution variance of the eigenvalues of the eight factors extracted by the maximum variance rotation method was found to be 92.714%. Socio-economic conditions, tourism resources, infrastructure construction, regional cultural influence, ecological environment carrying capacity, tertiary industry development, tourism service level, and living security system are the main driving factors affecting the spatial differentiation of tourism competitiveness in Xinjiang. Analyzing the spatial evolution characteristics and the driving factors of the regional tourism competitiveness in Xinjiang, this paper seeks to promote the optimal allocation of tourism production factors in the macro regional system, and provide theoretical guidance and an empirical basis for the comprehensive and harmonic development of regional tourism.
旅游竞争力评价对于衡量区域旅游发展水平具有重要意义。正确认识旅游发展的优势与劣势并制定相应的发展战略至关重要。为研究旅游竞争力，本文构建了一个评价指标体系，该体系包括旅游发展竞争力、旅游资源竞争力和旅游支撑竞争力，用于对中国新疆的14个地州市进行评价。分析了其空间分异的特征与规律。运用因子分析法考察区域旅游竞争力的空间分异情况。结果表明，14个地州市的旅游竞争力存在明显的空间分异。在发展竞争力方面，伊犁和乌鲁木齐构成空间中心，其次是昌吉、阿勒泰和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。乌鲁木齐作为省会城市，具有政治、经济、文化、交通和地理优势，但其在垄断性和效率方面的竞争力并不突出。在资源竞争力方面，伊犁是核心吸引力，而乌鲁木齐、喀什、阿勒泰和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州是主要吸引力。在支撑竞争力方面，巴音郭楞蒙古自治州得分较高，其次是乌鲁木齐市和阿克苏。和田地区和克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州得分最低。旅游综合竞争力以伊犁为中心。乌鲁木齐和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州为次中心，昌吉、阿勒泰、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、阿克苏和喀什为多极竞争区域。通过KMO和巴特利特球形度检验发现，采用最大方差旋转法提取的八个因子的特征值累积贡献率为92.714%。社会经济条件、旅游资源、基础设施建设、区域文化影响力、生态环境承载能力、第三产业发展、旅游服务水平和生活保障体系是影响新疆旅游竞争力空间分异的主要驱动因素。通过分析新疆区域旅游竞争力的空间演变特征及其驱动因素，旨在促进宏观区域系统中旅游生产要素的优化配置，为区域旅游的全面协调发展提供理论指导和实证依据。
