Department of Public Administration, Law School, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Institute of Local Government Development, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Feb 7;22(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02805-1.
Emerging evidence suggested that indoor air pollution caused long-term adverse effects on cognitive function among older adults who spend more than 85% of their time indoors. Although high indoor ventilation can mitigate the effect of indoor air pollution on cognition among the younger population, limited evidence revealed the association between indoor ventilation and cognition among older adults.
A total of 11,853 participants aged 65 and over (female, 54.5%; mean age, 83.6 years) were included from the 2017-2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Indoor ventilation frequency was measured by the self-reported frequency of opening windows per week in each season. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariate Poisson regression with robust error variance was applied to assess the association between overall indoor ventilation frequency and cognitive function. We fitted in two adjusted models: Model 1 was adjusted for demographic; model 2 was further adjusted for lifestyle, socioeconomic status, health conditions, and environmental factors. The same models were also applied to measure the association between seasonal indoor ventilation frequency and cognitive function.
Of 11,853 older adults, 3035 (25.6%) had cognitive impairment. A high overall indoor ventilation frequency (indoor ventilation frequency: 6-8) was significantly associated with a 9% lower likelihood of cognitive impairment than low overall indoor ventilation frequency (indoor ventilation frequency: 0-3) among Chinese older adults [Relative risk (RR): 0.91, 95% Confidential Interval (CI): 0.83-0.99] in the full adjusted model. In the subgroup analysis in four seasons, high and intermediate indoor ventilation frequency in winter were significantly associated with 8% (RR: 0.92; 95%CI: 0.86-0.99) and 16% (RR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.78-0.90) lower probability of cognitive impairment than low indoor ventilation frequency in the fully adjusted model among Chinese older adults, respectively.
In this nationally representative cohort, a higher frequency of house ventilation by opening windows was significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults aged 65 and over. These results offered robust evidence for policymaking and health intervention to prevent older adults from cognitive impairment or dementia in developing regions.
新出现的证据表明，对于在室内度过超过 85%时间的老年人，室内空气污染会对认知功能造成长期的不良影响。虽然较高的室内通风可以减轻年轻人中室内空气污染对认知的影响，但有限的证据表明室内通风与老年人的认知之间存在关联。
共有 11853 名年龄在 65 岁及以上的参与者（女性占 44.5%；平均年龄 83.6 岁）来自 2017-2018 年中国长寿纵向研究（CLHLS）的第 1 波。室内通风频率通过每个季节每周开窗的频率进行自我报告来衡量。认知功能通过简易精神状态检查（MMSE）进行评估。应用具有稳健误差方差的多变量泊松回归来评估整体室内通风频率与认知功能之间的关系。我们在两个调整模型中进行拟合：模型 1 调整了人口统计学因素；模型 2 进一步调整了生活方式、社会经济状况、健康状况和环境因素。同样的模型也被应用于测量季节性室内通风频率与认知功能之间的关系。
在 11853 名老年人中，有 3035 人（25.6%）存在认知障碍。在中国老年人中，高整体室内通风频率（室内通风频率：6-8）与低整体室内通风频率（室内通风频率：0-3）相比，认知障碍的可能性降低 9%[相对风险（RR）：0.91，95%置信区间（CI）：0.83-0.99]在完全调整后的模型中。在四个季节的亚组分析中，冬季高和中室内通风频率与低室内通风频率相比，认知障碍的可能性分别降低 8%（RR：0.92；95%CI：0.86-0.99）和 16%（RR：0.84；95%CI：0.78-0.90）。
在这项具有全国代表性的队列研究中，较高的开窗通风频率与中国 65 岁及以上老年人认知障碍的风险降低显著相关。这些结果为制定政策和实施健康干预措施提供了有力证据，以防止发展中地区的老年人出现认知障碍或痴呆。
