Zhaofeng Zhang, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China, Email Address:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2022;26(8):760-770. doi: 10.1007/s12603-022-1829-1.
Cognitive impairment commonly occurs among older people worldwide. Although the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet was associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of cognitive impairment, it could not be applied to older Chinese due to the traditional dietary characteristics in China. We aimed to develop the Chinese version of the MIND (cMIND) diet and verify its association with cognitive impairment among older Chinese individuals.
A cross-sectional study.
We included a total of 11,245 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) follow-up survey in 2018. The mean age of the participants at study baseline was 84.06 (±11.46) years.
We established the cMIND diet based on current evidence in the diet-cognition field, combined with Chinese dietary characteristics. The verification of its association with cognitive impairment was conducted using the data from the CLHLS follow-up survey. Adherence to the cMIND diet was assessed by the cMIND diet score, which was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was identified by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability was defined according to the self-reported performance of eight activities.
The cMIND diet comprised 11 brain-healthy food groups and 1 unhealthy food group. The median cMIND diet score of all participants was 4.5 (from a total of 12 points) and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 15.2%. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile score was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR)=0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.72) and IADL disability (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.98) in the full-adjusted model.
We developed the cMIND diet that was suitable for older Chinese individuals, and our results suggested that higher adherence to the cMIND diet was associated with reduced odds of cognitive impairment and IADL disability. In view of the limitations of cross-sectional design in the study, further research is clearly warranted.
认知障碍在全球老年人中较为常见。虽然地中海式 DASH 干预神经退行性延迟（MIND）饮食与更好的认知功能和更低的认知障碍风险相关，但由于中国的传统饮食特点，该饮食无法适用于中国的老年人。我们旨在开发适合中国老年人的 MIND（cMIND）饮食，并验证其与中国老年人认知障碍的关系。
横断面研究。
我们纳入了 2018 年中国长寿纵向研究（CLHLS）随访调查的共 11245 名参与者。研究基线时参与者的平均年龄为 84.06（±11.46）岁。
我们根据饮食与认知领域的现有证据，结合中国饮食特点，建立了 cMIND 饮食。使用 CLHLS 随访调查的数据，验证了其与认知障碍的关系。通过食物频率问卷计算 cMIND 饮食评分来评估 cMIND 饮食的依从性。认知障碍通过简易精神状态检查（Mini-Mental State Examination）确定。根据八项活动的自我报告表现，定义了工具性日常生活活动（Instrumental activities of daily living，IADL）障碍。
cMIND 饮食包括 11 种有益于大脑的食物组和 1 种不健康食物组。所有参与者的 cMIND 饮食评分中位数为 4.5（满分 12 分），认知障碍的患病率为 15.2%。与最低三分位组相比，最高三分位组的认知障碍（比值比（OR）=0.60，95%置信区间（CI）：0.51-0.72）和 IADL 障碍（OR=0.86，95%CI：0.75-0.98）的可能性更低，在全调整模型中。
我们开发了适合中国老年人的 cMIND 饮食，结果表明，较高的 cMIND 饮食依从性与认知障碍和 IADL 障碍风险降低相关。鉴于研究中横断面设计的局限性，显然需要进一步研究。
