Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Apr;13(2):1003-1012. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12924. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker for chronic disease burden that might explain the health effects of sedentary behaviours (SBs) and physical activity (PA). We examined associations of device-measured sleep, SB and PA, and time reallocations among them, with GDF-15 in older adults.
We used data from 2245 older adults participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study. Wrist-worn accelerometers were employed to ascertain total time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations between these activities and serum GDF-15 levels were analysed using linear regression, including isotemporal substitution models for time reallocations among activities, and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted separately in two groups (less active and more active individuals) according to the median total PA time.
In the less active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were related to lower levels of GDF-15 when replacing sleep (fully adjusted mean percentage differences [95% confidence interval] in GDF-15 of -9.2% [-13.2, -5.0]), SB (-9.8% [-13.6, -5.8]) and LPA (-5.8% [-11.1, -0.3]), whereas 30 min/day more of LPA were related to lower GDF-15 when replacing both sleep (-3.6% [-6.1, -1.0]) and SB (-4.2% [-6.7, -1.7]). In the more active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were also associated with lower GDF-15 when replacing sleep (-2.9% [-5.3, -0.3]), SB (-2.4% [-4.6, -0.2]) and LPA (-3.5% [-6.6, -0.3]), but no associations were found for more time in LPA. Spending more time in SB was associated with higher GDF-15 levels only among those less active (1.9% [0.9, 2.9] per 30 min/day increment). Sleep time did not appear to be associated with GDF-15.
The MVPA was inversely associated with GDF-15, with stronger associations at lower PA volumes. Also, more LPA and less SB time were linked to lower GDF-15 in the less active individuals. This suggests that simply moving more and sitting less may reduce chronic disease burden in older adults.
生长分化因子 15（GDF-15）是一种用于衡量慢性疾病负担的生物标志物，它可能可以解释久坐行为（SBs）和身体活动（PA）对健康的影响。我们研究了设备测量的睡眠、SB 和 PA 之间的关系，以及它们之间的时间分配，在老年人中 GDF-15 的水平。
我们使用了参加 Seniors-ENRICA-2 研究的 2245 名老年人的数据。腕戴式加速度计用于确定总的睡眠时间、SB、低强度 PA（LPA）和中高强度 PA（MVPA）。使用线性回归分析这些活动与血清 GDF-15 水平之间的关系，包括时间替换模型，用于活动之间的时间分配，并针对潜在的混杂因素进行了调整。根据总 PA 时间的中位数，在两组（活动较少和活动较多的个体）中分别进行分析。
在活动较少的参与者中，MVPA 每天增加 30 分钟与 GDF-15 水平降低有关，当替代睡眠时（GDF-15 的全调整平均百分比差异[-13.2，-5.0]为-9.2%）、SB（-9.8%[-13.6，-5.8]）和 LPA（-5.8%[-11.1，-0.3]），而 LPA 每天增加 30 分钟与睡眠和 SB 替代时的 GDF-15 水平降低有关（-3.6%[-6.1，-0.3]）和 SB（-4.2%[-6.7，-1.7]）。在活动较多的参与者中，MVPA 每天增加 30 分钟与睡眠（-2.9%[-5.3，-0.3]）、SB（-2.4%[-4.6，-0.2]）和 LPA（-3.5%[-6.6，-0.3]）替代时的 GDF-15 水平降低也有关联，但 LPA 时间增加则没有关联。在活动较少的参与者中，SB 时间增加与 GDF-15 水平升高有关（每天每增加 30 分钟，GDF-15 水平升高 1.9%[0.9，2.9]）。睡眠时间似乎与 GDF-15 无关。
MVPA 与 GDF-15 呈负相关，PA 量较低时相关性更强。此外，在活动较少的个体中，LPA 时间增加和 SB 时间减少与 GDF-15 水平降低有关。这表明，简单地多运动和少坐可能会减轻老年人的慢性疾病负担。
