Nisa Rawhat Un, Tantray Aadil Yousuf, Shah Ali Asghar
Nematode Biodiversity and Genomics Research Lab, Department of Zoology, BGSBU, Rajouri 185234, J&K, India.
Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Genomics. 2022 Mar;114(2):110295. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110295. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
Nematodes are the most diverse but most minor studied microorganisms found in soil, water, animals, or plants. Either beneficial or pathogenic, they significantly affect human and animal health, plant production and ultimately affect the environmental equilibrium. Knowledge of their taxonomy and biology are the main issues to answer the different challenges associated with these microorganisms. The classical morphology-based nematode taxonomy and biodiversity studies have proved insufficient to identify closely related taxa and have challenged most biologists. Several molecular approaches have been used to supplement morphological methods and solve these problems with markable success. The molecular techniques range from enzyme analysis, protein-based information to DNA sequence analysis. For several decades, efforts have been made to integrate molecular approaches with digital 3D image-capturing technology to improve the identification accuracy of such a taxonomically challenging group and communicate morphological data. This review presents various molecular techniques and provides examples of recent advances in these methods to identify free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes.
线虫是在土壤、水、动物或植物中发现的种类最多但研究最少的微生物。无论是有益的还是致病的，它们都对人类和动物健康、植物生产产生重大影响，并最终影响环境平衡。了解它们的分类学和生物学特性是应对与这些微生物相关的不同挑战的主要问题。基于经典形态学的线虫分类学和生物多样性研究已证明不足以识别亲缘关系密切的分类群，这给大多数生物学家带来了挑战。几种分子方法已被用于补充形态学方法，并取得了显著成功来解决这些问题。分子技术的范围从酶分析、基于蛋白质的信息到DNA序列分析。几十年来，人们一直在努力将分子方法与数字3D图像捕获技术相结合，以提高这一分类学上具有挑战性的类群的识别准确性，并传递形态学数据。本综述介绍了各种分子技术，并提供了这些方法在识别自由生活和植物寄生线虫方面的最新进展实例。
