Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Arizona Digestive Health, 5823 W. Eugie Ave, Suite A, Glendale, AZ 85304, USA.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):123-144. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.008. Epub 2022 Jan 8.
Painful and bothersome anorectal syndromes can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians because structural and functional abnormalities may often coexist and require a multidisciplinary approach to management. Although it is often difficult to attribute all of a patient's anorectal symptoms to a singular disorder with definitive intervention and cure, improving quality of life, treating coexistent conditions such as functional constipation and/or defecation disorders, addressing psychological comorbidities if present, and confirming there is no evidence of inflammatory or malignant conditions are top priorities.
疼痛和困扰的肛肠综合征可能是临床医生面临的诊断和治疗挑战，因为结构和功能异常往往同时存在，需要采用多学科方法进行管理。尽管通常很难将患者所有的肛肠症状归因于单一的可以通过明确干预和治愈的疾病，但提高生活质量、治疗共存的情况（如功能性便秘和/或排便障碍）、解决存在的心理合并症，如果有，确认没有炎症或恶性疾病的证据是首要任务。
