Shangrao Normal University, No.401, Zhimin Road, Xinzhou District, Shangrao, 334000, China.
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 8;12(1):2089. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06003-2.
The effects of rare earth mining on rice biomass, rare earth element (REE) content and bacterial community structure was studied through pot experiment. The research shows that the REE content in rice roots, shoots and grains was significantly positive correlated with that in soil, and the dry weight of rice roots, shoots and grains was highly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties, nutrient elements and REE contents; The exploitation of rare earth minerals inhibited a-diversity of endophytic bacteria in rhizosphere, root, phyllosphere and leaf of rice, significantly reduced the abundance index, OTU number, Chao, Ace index and also significantly reduced the diversity index-Shannon index, and also reduced uniformity index: Pielou's evenness index, which caused β-diversity of bacteria to be quite different. The exploitation of rare earth minerals reduces the diversity of bacteria, but forms dominant bacteria, such as Burkholderia, Bacillus, Buttiauxella, Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Candida koribacter, which can degrade the pollutants formed by exploitation of rare earth minerals, alleviate the compound pollution of rare earth and ammonia nitrogen, and also has the function of fixing nitrogen and resisting rare earth stress; The content of soil available phosphorus in no-mining area is lower, and the dominant bacteria of Pantoea formed in such soil, which has the function of improving soil phosphorus availability. Rare earth elements and physical and chemical properties of soil affect the community structure of bacteria in rhizosphere and phyllosphere of rice, promote the parallel movement of some bacteria in rhizosphere, root, phyllosphere and leaf of rice, promote the construction of community structure of bacteria in rhizosphere and phyllosphere of rice, give full play to the growth promoting function of Endophytes, and promote the growth of rice. The results showed that the exploitation of rare earth minerals has formed the dominant endophytic bacteria of rice and ensured the yield of rice in the mining area, however, the mining of mineral resources causes the compound pollution of rare earth and ammonia nitrogen, which makes REE content of rice in mining area significantly higher than that in non-mining area, and the excessive rare earth element may enter the human body through the food chain and affect human health, so the food security in the REE mining area deserves more attention.
通过盆栽试验研究了稀土矿开采对水稻生物量、稀土元素（REE）含量和细菌群落结构的影响。研究表明，水稻根、茎和籽粒中的 REE 含量与土壤中的 REE 含量呈显著正相关，而水稻根、茎和籽粒的干重与土壤理化性质、养分元素和 REE 含量高度相关；稀土矿的开采抑制了水稻根际、根、叶际和叶片内生细菌的 a-多样性，显著降低了丰富度指数、OTU 数、Chao、Ace 指数，也显著降低了多样性指数-Shannon 指数，还降低了均匀度指数：Pielou 均匀度指数，导致细菌的β-多样性有很大的不同。稀土矿的开采减少了细菌的多样性，但形成了优势细菌，如伯克霍尔德氏菌、芽孢杆菌、布氏杆菌、不动杆菌、慢生根瘤菌、康宁格尔氏菌、假单胞菌，它们可以降解稀土矿开采形成的污染物，缓解稀土和氨氮的复合污染，还具有固氮和抗稀土胁迫的功能；未开采区土壤有效磷含量较低，在这种土壤中形成的优势菌泛菌具有提高土壤有效磷含量的功能。稀土元素和土壤理化性质影响水稻根际和叶际细菌的群落结构，促进水稻根际、根、叶际和叶片中一些细菌的平行运动，促进水稻根际和叶际细菌群落结构的构建，充分发挥内生菌的促生功能，促进水稻生长。结果表明，稀土矿开采形成了水稻的优势内生菌，保证了矿区水稻的产量，但矿产资源的开采造成了稀土和氨氮的复合污染，使矿区水稻的 REE 含量明显高于非矿区，过量的稀土元素可能通过食物链进入人体，影响人体健康，因此矿区的食品安全更值得关注。
