Sudevan Remya, Vijay Kumar S, Sunny Clint, Sunand Nanditha, Vasudevan Anu, S Sonu K, V Apsy P
Department of Health Sciences Research, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Nov;10(11):4218-4222. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_953_21. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a brown to black, poorly defined velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is a predisposition factor for Type 2 diabetes, malignancies and various endocrinopathies. The available data regarding AN from Kerala is limited. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of AN and to examine its association with physical activity among the adolescents of age 13-14 years.
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two grades of a school in Ernakulam district between June and December 2018 among 400 adolescents of age 13-14 years. The study proforma and the Physical activity questionnaire, Adolescents (PAQ-Adolescents), were self-administered to the students and the data were collected. The principal investigator verified the presence of AN by observation in the neck, elbow and knuckles and recorded in the study proforma. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done using SPSS Software program (version 21).
The mean age of the group was found to be 13.31 ± 0.46 years. The prevalence of AN was 14.5% in the study population. AN was most prevalent among obese adolescents (61.54%), adolescents with low exercise rate (23.94%), having family history of diabetes (21.18%), family history of hypertension (21.86%) and family history of both diabetes and hypertension (26.32%). The risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension and family history of both diabetes and hypertension had a positive association with AN had a negative association with physical activity with p=0.0001. In adolescents with increased exercise rate, there were no reported cases of AN.
The results of our study show that there is a strong association between AN and children with obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and low physical activity. Regular adequate physical activity can prevent the onset of AN and thereby reduce the early onset of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, coronary artery diseases and certain types of malignancies.
黑棘皮病（AN）是一种皮肤呈现从棕色到黑色、边界不清的天鹅绒样色素沉着。它是2型糖尿病、恶性肿瘤及各种内分泌疾病的一个易感因素。来自喀拉拉邦的关于AN的现有数据有限。我们的研究旨在估计13 - 14岁青少年中AN的患病率，并研究其与身体活动的关联。
这项分析性横断面研究于2018年6月至12月在埃尔讷古勒姆区一所学校的两个年级中对400名13 - 14岁的青少年进行。研究表格和青少年身体活动问卷（PAQ - 青少年版）由学生自行填写，数据得以收集。主要研究者通过观察颈部、肘部和指关节来核实AN的存在，并记录在研究表格中。使用SPSS软件程序（版本21）对收集到的数据进行统计分析。
该组的平均年龄为13.31±0.46岁。研究人群中AN患病率为14.5%。AN在肥胖青少年（61.54%）、运动率低的青少年（23.94%）、有糖尿病家族史的青少年（21.18%）、有高血压家族史的青少年（21.86%）以及有糖尿病和高血压家族史的青少年（26.32%）中最为常见。肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、糖尿病家族史、高血压家族史以及糖尿病和高血压家族史等危险因素与AN呈正相关，与身体活动呈负相关，p = 0.0001。在运动率增加的青少年中，未报告有AN病例。
我们的研究结果表明，AN与肥胖儿童、糖尿病家族史、高血压家族史以及低身体活动之间存在密切关联。规律且充足的身体活动可预防AN的发生，从而减少糖尿病、代谢综合征、多囊卵巢综合征、冠状动脉疾病及某些类型恶性肿瘤的早发。
