Junca Howard, Pieper Dietmar H, Medina Eva
Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany.
Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022 Jan 19;20:615-627. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.009. eCollection 2022.
The human microbiome has been the subject of intense research over the past few decades, in particular as a promising area for new clinical interventions. The microbiota colonizing the different body surfaces are of benefit for multiple physiological and metabolic processes of the human host and increasing evidence suggests an association between disturbances in the composition and functionality of the microbiota and several pathological conditions. This has provided a rationale for beneficial modulation of the microbiome. One approach being explored for modulating the microbiota in diseased individuals is transferring microbiota or microbiota constituents from healthy donors via microbiome transplantation. The great success of fecal microbiome transplantation for the treatment of infections has encouraged the application of this procedure for the treatment of other diseases such as vaginal disorders via transplantation of vaginal microbiota, or of skin pathologies via the transplantation of skin microbiota. Microbiome modulation could even become a novel strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer therapies. This review discusses the principle, advantages and limitations of microbiome transplantation as well as different clinical contexts where microbiome transplantation has been applied.
在过去几十年里，人类微生物组一直是深入研究的主题，特别是作为一个有前景的新临床干预领域。定殖在不同身体表面的微生物群对人类宿主的多种生理和代谢过程有益，越来越多的证据表明微生物群的组成和功能紊乱与几种病理状况之间存在关联。这为微生物组的有益调节提供了理论依据。正在探索的一种用于调节患病个体微生物群的方法是通过微生物组移植从健康供体转移微生物群或微生物群成分。粪便微生物组移植在治疗感染方面的巨大成功促使该程序被应用于治疗其他疾病，如通过阴道微生物群移植治疗阴道疾病，或通过皮肤微生物群移植治疗皮肤疾病。微生物组调节甚至可能成为提高癌症治疗疗效的一种新策略。本综述讨论了微生物组移植的原理、优点和局限性，以及微生物组移植已应用的不同临床背景。
