Simpson E E A, Davison J, Doherty J, Dunwoody L, McDowell C, McLaughlin M, Butter S, Giles M
School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Feb 11;22(1):276. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12674-3.
An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to inform the design of a framework for an educational resource around e-cigarette use in young people.
A sequential exploratory design was employed. In Phase 1, elicited behavioural, normative and control beliefs, via 7 focus groups with 51 participants, aged 11-16 years, identified salient beliefs around e-cigarette use. These were used to construct a questionnaire administered to 1511 young people aged 11-16 years, which determined predictors of e-cigarette use and ever use. In Phase 2, sociodemographic variables, e-cigarette knowledge, access, use, marketing and purchasing of e-cigarettes and smoking behaviour were also gathered. The composite findings from Phase 1 and 2 informed the design of a post primary educational resource in Phase 3 around e-cigarette use.
Current e-cigarette use was 4%, with almost 23% reporting ever use, suggesting current use is stable but experimentation may be increasing in this cohort. Sociodemographic variables, knowledge of e-cigarettes, smoking behaviour and TPB variables (direct and indirect measures of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control) accounted for 17% of the variance in current e-cigarette use, with higher intentions to use e-cigarettes within the next month, having the strongest impact on use (p < 0.001), followed by self-efficacy (p = 0.016). Sociodemographic and TPB variables accounted for 65% of the variance in intentions to use e-cigarettes in the next month; current e-cigarette use (p < 0.001), more positive attitudes (p < 0.001), stronger social influence (p < 0.001), higher self-efficacy (p < 0.001), higher control beliefs (p < 0.001) and greater motivation to use e-cigarettes (p < 0.001) were the main predictors of intentions. Phases 1 and 2 informed the mapping of key predictors of intentions and use of e-cigarettes onto the Theoretical Domains Framework, which identified appropriate intervention functions and behaviour change techniques.
This paper is the first to bridge the theoretical-practice gap in an area of significant public health importance through the development of a framework for a novel theory driven school-based educational resource aimed at reducing experimentation and uptake of e-cigarette use in young people.
运用计划行为理论（TPB）的扩展版本来指导围绕青少年电子烟使用的教育资源框架设计。
采用序列探索性设计。在第一阶段，通过与51名年龄在11至16岁的参与者组成的7个焦点小组，引出行为、规范和控制信念，确定围绕电子烟使用的显著信念。这些信念被用于构建一份针对1511名11至16岁青少年的问卷，该问卷确定了电子烟使用和曾经使用的预测因素。在第二阶段，还收集了社会人口统计学变量、电子烟知识、获取、使用、营销和购买电子烟以及吸烟行为等信息。第一阶段和第二阶段的综合研究结果为第三阶段围绕电子烟使用的小学后教育资源设计提供了依据。
当前电子烟使用率为4%，近23%的人报告曾经使用过，这表明当前使用率稳定，但该群体中的尝试率可能在上升。社会人口统计学变量、电子烟知识、吸烟行为和TPB变量（态度、主观规范和感知行为控制的直接和间接测量）占当前电子烟使用差异的17%，其中下个月使用电子烟的更高意图对使用影响最大（p < 0.001），其次是自我效能感（p = 0.016）。社会人口统计学和TPB变量占下个月使用电子烟意图差异的65%；当前电子烟使用（p < 0.001）、更积极的态度（p < 0.001）、更强的社会影响（p < 0.001）、更高的自我效能感（p < 0.001）、更高的控制信念（p < 0.001）以及使用电子烟的更大动机（p < 0.001）是意图的主要预测因素。第一阶段和第二阶段为将电子烟意图和使用的关键预测因素映射到理论领域框架提供了依据，该框架确定了适当的干预功能和行为改变技术。
本文首次通过开发一个基于新理论的、以学校为基础的教育资源框架，弥合了在一个具有重大公共卫生重要性领域的理论与实践差距，旨在减少青少年对电子烟的尝试和使用。
