Moor Irene, Winter Kristina, Rathmann Katharina, Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike, Richter Matthias
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology.
Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Science.
J Health Monit. 2020 Sep 16;5(3):69-87. doi: 10.25646/6903. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Tobacco, alcohol and cannabis are psychoactive substances that is often tried for the first time during adolescence and further continued in later life. Regular tobacco and cannabis use as well as alcohol abuse are associated with serious health consequences. According to the importance of health reporting, this article describes current prevalence of adolescent substance use and the associations between psychoactive substance use and specific social determinants. Representative data for Germany from the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study among schoolchildren aged 11, 13 and 15 years are used. The article analyses both, the lifetime and 30-day prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use (in the latter case, data were only available for 15-year-olds) among adolescents as well as their experiences of alcohol-related misuse (binge drinking). Tobacco and alcohol are used comparatively rarely by 11- and 13-year-olds. However, the prevalence increases significantly among 15-year-olds. In addition, cannabis use is also quite common among this age group. Schoolchildren who do not attend grammar schools are at greater risk of smoking and those with high family affluence are at a greater risk of alcohol use, this applies particularly to girls. Finally, adolescents with a migration background are less at risk of regular alcohol use or binge drinking, but face an increased risk of cannabis use (girls with one-sided migration background). The results indicate that prevention measures should start early, as the prevalence of substance use is significantly higher among older schoolchildren. Depending on the substance, different risk groups can be identified that require particular consideration when drawing up preventive measures.
烟草、酒精和大麻都是精神活性物质，青少年时期常有人首次尝试使用，之后还会继续使用。经常吸烟、吸食大麻以及酗酒都会带来严重的健康后果。鉴于健康报告的重要性，本文描述了青少年使用物质的当前流行情况以及精神活性物质使用与特定社会决定因素之间的关联。使用了来自2017/18年德国学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）研究中11岁、13岁和15岁学童的代表性数据。本文分析了青少年烟草、酒精和大麻使用的终生患病率和30天患病率（在后一种情况下，数据仅适用于15岁青少年）以及他们与酒精相关的误用经历（暴饮）。11岁和13岁的学童相对较少使用烟草和酒精。然而，15岁学童中的患病率显著上升。此外，大麻使用在这个年龄组中也相当普遍。不上文法学校的学童吸烟风险更高，家庭富裕程度高的学童饮酒风险更高，这在女孩中尤为明显。最后，有移民背景的青少年经常饮酒或暴饮的风险较低，但大麻使用风险增加（有单方面移民背景的女孩）。结果表明，预防措施应尽早开始，因为年龄较大的学童中物质使用的患病率明显更高。根据所涉及的物质，可以确定不同的风险群体，在制定预防措施时需要特别考虑。
