Lundgren D, Laurell L
J Oral Rehabil. 1986 Mar;13(2):191-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1986.tb00651.x.
The pattern of axially (perpendicular to the occlusal plane) directed occlusal forces developed during light tooth tapping in habitual occlusion, chewing, swallowing and maximal biting was studied in twelve subjects whose dentitions were periodontally treated and prosthetically restored with cross-arch bridges with unilateral posterior two-unit cantilevers. The measuring devices consisted of four strain-gauge transducers uniformly and bilaterally mounted in pontics of maxillary bridges to represent the posterior (end abutment and distal cantilever respectively) and anterior regions. Thus, the forces could be studied locally in various parts of the dentition simultaneously as well as totally over the entire dentition. The results demonstrated that the distal cantilever unit, on average, was subjected to forces about or less than half of those over the contralateral end abutment unit irrespective of the activity studied. Furthermore, the cantilever forces either equalled or were even significantly smaller than those of the anterior regions. All subjects preferred the end abutment side as the chewing side. When the cantilever side was used as the chewing side, which occurred most infrequently, the bolus was usually located in the anterior region. The mean total chewing force (about 50 N) was only about half of that found in a previous study of subjects supplied with cross-arch bridges with bilateral end abutments (Lundgren & Laurell, 1985). Furthermore, on average only 26% of the voluntary muscular capacity was used during chewing, compared with 37% in the 'bilateral end abutment group' referred to. The reasons for the comparably small forces over the distal cantilever unit and the lower muscular utilization during chewing in cross-bridges with unilateral posterior two-unit cantilevers as well as the implications of the findings for the dimension of such bridge constructions are discussed.
在十二名牙列经过牙周治疗并使用带有单侧后牙双单位悬臂的跨牙弓桥进行修复的受试者中，研究了在习惯性咬合、咀嚼、吞咽和最大咬合力时轴向（垂直于咬合平面）施加的咬合力模式。测量装置由四个应变片式传感器组成，均匀且双侧安装在上颌桥的桥体中，以代表后部（分别为末端基牙和远中悬臂）和前部区域。因此，可以同时在牙列的各个部位局部研究力，也可以在整个牙列上整体研究力。结果表明，无论研究何种活动，远中悬臂单位平均承受的力约为或小于对侧末端基牙单位承受力的一半。此外，悬臂力等于或甚至明显小于前部区域的力。所有受试者都更喜欢将末端基牙侧作为咀嚼侧。当使用悬臂侧作为咀嚼侧时（这种情况最不常见），食团通常位于前部区域。平均总咀嚼力（约50 N）仅约为先前对使用双侧末端基牙的跨牙弓桥受试者研究中发现的咀嚼力的一半（Lundgren & Laurell，1985）。此外，与上述“双侧末端基牙组”相比，咀嚼时平均仅使用了26%的自主肌肉能力。讨论了在带有单侧后牙双单位悬臂的跨牙弓桥中，远中悬臂单位上相对较小的力以及咀嚼时较低的肌肉利用率的原因，以及这些发现对这种桥结构尺寸的影响。
