Department of Environmental Engineering, International University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(30):45933-45946. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19124-y. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
This study conducted a field investigation in the behavior of visitors in the pagoda and burning incense as well as its air pollution situation in Vietnam, and revealed that 92% of people used stick form for offering incense and mainly burning either 1 or 3 sticks/time. Incense smoke exposure caused aroma, comfortable, eye irritation, or hard to breathe. There were 70% of people being aware of the hazard of incense smoke. VOCs, PM, PM, and CO concentrations from burning incense in the Great hall were 1.6-2.5 times higher than those in outside areas. Pollutants' concentrations on the first of the month, full moon day, and Lunar New Year were from 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than those of normal days. A model was designed to collect incense smoke emitted by burning 1 and 3 sticks of seven types of incense on an open area. Except for CO found at low concentrations, VOCs, HCHO, PM, PM, and CO appeared in the smoke with the maximum concentrations higher 2.5-13.5 times than their allowable values. A photocatalytic device using titania nanotubes (TNTs) impregnated with various metals (Cd, Zn, Al, Cu, and Fe) was installed for incense smoke treatment. Effect of type and amount of photocatalyst, as well as initial VOC concentration, were tested. The results show that using 2.0 g of Zn/TNT photocatalysts under UV irradiation provided the highest VOC removal efficiency of 73%, suggesting the potential of application for burning incense in open areas.
本研究在越南对宝塔内游客的行为和烧香及其空气污染状况进行了实地调查，结果表明，92%的人使用棒状香，主要燃烧 1 或 3 根/次。熏香烟雾暴露会引起香味、舒适、眼睛刺激或呼吸困难。有 70%的人意识到熏香烟雾的危害。在大殿内燃烧香时，VOCs、PM、PM 和 CO 的浓度比室外高 1.6-2.5 倍。月初、月圆日和农历新年期间污染物浓度比正常日高 1.5-2.0 倍。设计了一个模型来收集在开阔区域燃烧 7 种类型的 1 根和 3 根香时排放的香烟雾。除了发现 CO 浓度较低外，VOCs、HCHO、PM、PM 和 CO 都出现在烟雾中，其最大浓度比允许值高 2.5-13.5 倍。安装了一种使用负载有各种金属（Cd、Zn、Al、Cu 和 Fe）的二氧化钛纳米管（TNTs）的光催化装置来处理香烟雾。测试了光催化剂的类型和用量以及初始 VOC 浓度的影响。结果表明，在紫外线照射下使用 2.0g 的 Zn/TNT 光催化剂可提供最高 73%的 VOC 去除效率，表明其在开放区域燃烧香的应用潜力。
