Department of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd, Beitun District, Taichung City, 40640, Taiwan.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(19):56893-56903. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26383-w. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
The incense sticks and cigarettes burning are key sources of particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM) in indoor and outdoor air. While lead (Pb) isotope ratios provide valuable insights into the origin of particle pollution, their applicability for investigating these source remains unclear. The Pb isotope ratios in the PM emitted from these two sources were analyzed, and effects of brands or nicotine contents on the ratios were assessed. In addition, As, Cr, and Pb were analyzed to investigate whether Pb isotope ratios can serve as an indicator for the source investigation of these metals. We found that average ratios of Pb/Pb, Pb/Pb, and Pb/Pb in cigarettes were heavier than those in incense sticks. Scatter plots of Pb isotope ratios indicated an overlap of values for incense sticks or cigarettes linked to different brands, in that ratios for cigarettes with high nicotine content were heavier than for those with low nicotine content. Scatter plots of As, Cr, or Pb concentration against Pb isotope ratios clearly distinguished the effects of cigarette burning versus incense sticks with respect to PM of these metals. Results indicate that brand differences did not affect the determination of PM in these two sources. We suggest that Pb isotope ratios can be a useful tool in investigating the influence of incense sticks and of cigarettes (with high or low nicotine content) burning to PM and associated metals.
燃烧的香和香烟是室内和室外空气中直径≤2.5μm（PM）颗粒物的主要来源。虽然铅（Pb）同位素比值为颗粒污染的来源提供了有价值的见解，但它们在这些来源的调查中的适用性尚不清楚。分析了这两种来源产生的 PM 中 Pb 的同位素比值，并评估了品牌或尼古丁含量对这些比值的影响。此外，还分析了 As、Cr 和 Pb，以研究 Pb 同位素比值是否可以作为这些金属来源调查的指标。我们发现香烟中的 Pb/Pb、Pb/Pb 和 Pb/Pb 平均比值比香中的重。Pb 同位素比值的散点图表明，与不同品牌相关的香或香烟的比值存在重叠，即尼古丁含量高的香烟的比值比尼古丁含量低的香烟的比值重。As、Cr 或 Pb 浓度与 Pb 同位素比值的散点图清楚地区分了香烟燃烧与香燃烧对这些金属 PM 的影响。结果表明，品牌差异不会影响对这两种来源 PM 的测定。我们认为，Pb 同位素比值可以成为研究香和（高或低尼古丁含量）香烟燃烧对 PM 和相关金属影响的有用工具。
