原发性进行性痴呆患者诊断时的营养评估。

Nutritional Assessment of Patients with Primary Progressive Dementia at the Time of Diagnosis.

机构信息

University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.

出版信息

Psychiatr Danub. 2021 Dec;33(Suppl 13):226-235.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

patients with different types of dementia may experience changes in nutritional status, which are manifested by specific eating habits. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status and eating habits of patients at the time of confirmed diagnosis of primary progressive dementia.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The study included 40 outpatients (63% women) diagnosed with either form of dementia. The mean age at diagnosis was 77±6 years and the mean time between the onset of first symptoms of the disease and diagnosis was 3-36 months. Nutritional assessment was determined at the time of confirmed diagnoses and included dietary habits (non-quantitative modified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)), anthropometric (body weight and height and body mass index-BMI) and biochemical parameters (serum concentrations of vitamin B12, folic acid and 25-hydroxy vitamin D). Dietary habits were collected over a 12-month period with the help of a spouse or close family member.

RESULTS

The results showed that none of the outpatients were malnourished, the largest number of outpatients (43%) were in the normal body mass category followed by 33% in the overweight category. The results of this study confirmed previous findings of higher preference for sweet foods observed in 53% of patients with dementia. Low status of vitamin B12 was observed in 57% of outpatients, folic acid in 24% and 25 (OH) D in 75% of outpatients. Lower frequency of consumption of dark green leafy vegetables and lower consumption of poultry meat, fish and eggs could have an impact on nutrient deficiency.

CONCLUSIONS

The poor nutritional status of outpatients with primary progressive dementia is associated with unhealthy dietary habits that may lead to micronutrient deficiencies. Dietary monitoring and intervention should be initiated immediately after the diagnosis of primary progressive dementia with the goal of reducing nutritional deficiencies and preventing further and more severe impairment of cognitive function.

摘要

背景

不同类型的痴呆患者可能会经历营养状况的变化，具体表现为特定的饮食习惯。本研究旨在确定原发性进行性痴呆确诊时患者的营养状况和饮食习惯。

方法

本研究纳入了 40 名（63%为女性）被诊断为痴呆症的门诊患者。诊断时的平均年龄为 77±6 岁，从疾病首发症状到诊断的平均时间为 3-36 个月。营养评估在确诊时进行，包括饮食习惯（非定量改良食物频率问卷（FFQ））、人体测量学（体重、身高和体重指数-BMI）和生化参数（血清维生素 B12、叶酸和 25-羟维生素 D 浓度）。饮食习惯在配偶或近亲的帮助下，通过为期 12 个月的时间收集。

结果

结果显示，没有患者存在营养不良，大多数患者（43%）处于正常体重类别，其次是超重类别（33%）。本研究的结果证实了之前观察到的痴呆患者中有 53%更喜欢甜食的发现。57%的门诊患者维生素 B12 水平较低，24%的患者叶酸水平较低，75%的患者 25（OH）D 水平较低。绿叶蔬菜和家禽肉、鱼和蛋的食用频率较低可能会导致营养缺乏。