Rafiq Naseem, Ayaz Sultan, Niaz Sadaf, Haleem Sumbal, Ullah Riaz, Bari Ahmed, Bourhia Mohammed, Ali Essam A
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan.
J Trop Med. 2022 Feb 3;2022:8719834. doi: 10.1155/2022/8719834. eCollection 2022.
Paramphistomosis is a neglected ruminant parasitic disease caused by trematodes known as , which has a diheteroxenic life cycle involving freshwater snail genera, i.e., and as the intermediate host and mammals as the definitive host. Snail vector distribution, infection with spp. cercariae, preferred habitat, and their relationship with certain meteorological factors were not investigated in the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the effects of meteorological factors on the occurrence and severity of spp. cercariae in and intermediate snail hosts. For this purpose, a cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019, and snails were collected and then identified using snail shell morphology; their infection with spp. cercariae was determined through microscopy; and descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of infection and evaluate their occurrence relationship with a certain meteorological factors including temperature, humidity, rainfall, and pan evaporation in different districts of the above-mentioned province of Pakistan, , adjacent areas of Bara and Kabul rivers in district Nowshehra, Kabul River (Sardaryab) of district Charsadda, Kalpani River of district Mardan, and Indus River (Hund) of district Swabi. A total of 2,706 (1539) and (1167) snails were collected, in which overall 10.30% shed spp. cercariae. The highest infection rate was found in the river of district Swabi (13.20%), while the lowest in adjacent rivers of district Nowshehra (8.19%). Meteorological factors play an essential role in the causation of spp. infection, parasitic reproduction, vector growth, and survival. Due to these factors, high significant prevalence was found in the summer season (11.83), followed by autumn (11.25), which might be due to optimum temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall ( < 0.05). It was concluded from the study that meteorological factors contribute to the prevalence of species in the and which act as vectors for the disease paramphistomosis, which may lead to the increased intensity of infection outbreaks of the parasite population in humans and domestic animals.
双腔吸虫病是一种由双腔吸虫引起的被忽视的反刍动物寄生虫病，其具有双宿主生命周期，涉及淡水螺类属，即作为中间宿主，以及哺乳动物作为终末宿主。在巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省，未对螺类传播媒介的分布、感染双腔吸虫尾蚴的情况、适宜栖息地以及它们与某些气象因素的关系进行调查。因此，本研究旨在评估气象因素对双腔吸虫尾蚴在中间螺宿主和中的发生及严重程度的影响。为此，于2018年10月至2019年9月进行了横断面调查，收集螺类，然后通过螺壳形态进行鉴定；通过显微镜检查确定其感染双腔吸虫尾蚴的情况；并使用描述性统计来估计感染率，并评估其与巴基斯坦上述省份不同地区（即瑙谢拉县巴拉河和喀布尔河的相邻地区、查尔萨达县的喀布尔河（萨尔达里亚布）、马尔丹县的卡尔帕尼河以及斯瓦比县的印度河（洪德））的温度、湿度、降雨量和蒸发皿蒸发量等特定气象因素的发生关系。共收集了2706只（1539只）和（1167只）螺类，其中总体有10.30%排出双腔吸虫尾蚴。在斯瓦比县的河流中发现感染率最高（13.20%），而在瑙谢拉县相邻河流中最低（8.19%）。气象因素在双腔吸虫感染的病因、寄生虫繁殖、传播媒介生长和生存中起着至关重要的作用。由于这些因素，在夏季（11.83）发现感染率显著较高，其次是秋季（11.25），这可能是由于适宜的温度、相对湿度和降雨量（<0.05）。研究得出结论，气象因素导致双腔吸虫在中间螺宿主和中的流行，而中间螺宿主是双腔吸虫病的传播媒介，这可能导致人类和家畜中寄生虫种群感染爆发强度增加。
