Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Cells. 2022 Feb 5;11(3):562. doi: 10.3390/cells11030562.
Fetal life and the first few months after birth represent a plastic age, defined as a "window of opportunity", as the organism is particularly susceptible to environmental pressures and has to adapt to environmental conditions. Several perturbations in pregnancy, such as excessive weight gain, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus and an inadequate or high-fat diet, have been associated with long-term metabolic consequences in offspring, even without affecting birth weight. Moreover, great interest has also been focused on the relationship between the gut microbiome of early infants and health status in later life. Consistently, in various epidemiological studies, a condition of dysbiosis has been associated with an increased inflammatory response and metabolic alterations in the host, with important consequences on the intestinal and systemic health of the unborn child. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the origins of NAFLD, with particular attention to the potential implications of intrauterine life and the early postnatal period. Due to the well-known association between gut microbiota and the risk of NAFLD, a specific focus will be devoted to factors affecting early microbiota formation/composition.
胎儿期和出生后最初几个月是一个可塑性的时期，被定义为“机会之窗”，因为机体特别容易受到环境压力的影响，必须适应环境条件。妊娠期间的一些干扰，如体重过度增加、肥胖、妊娠糖尿病和低脂肪或高脂肪饮食，与后代的长期代谢后果有关，即使不影响出生体重也是如此。此外，人们还对早期婴儿肠道微生物组与以后生活健康状况之间的关系产生了浓厚的兴趣。一致的是，在各种流行病学研究中，肠道菌群失调与宿主的炎症反应和代谢改变有关，这对未出生婴儿的肠道和全身健康有重要影响。本综述旨在总结非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的起源，特别关注宫内生活和出生后早期的潜在影响。由于肠道微生物群与 NAFLD 风险之间存在众所周知的关联，因此将特别关注影响早期微生物群形成/组成的因素。
