Jordan Irmgard, Röhlig Anna, Glas Maria Gracia, Waswa Lydiah Maruti, Mugisha Johnny, Krawinkel Michael B, Nuppenau Ernst-August
Center for International Development and Environmental Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru P.O. Box 536-20115, Kenya.
Foods. 2022 Jan 26;11(3):344. doi: 10.3390/foods11030344.
Small-holder farm households in developing countries mainly depend on rain-fed agriculture activities, thus seasonality affects eating habits and contributes to micronutrient deficiencies. This study assessed women's dietary diversity score (WDDS) across three agricultural seasons in the Kapchorwa District, Uganda. In each season, 445 women with under five-year-old children from small-holder farm households were interviewed on socio-demographic characteristics as well as dietary practices between May 2016 and January 2017. Linear regression models estimated differences in WDDS across seasons. The mean WDDS at the lean, harvest and post-harvest seasons was 4.33 ± 1.21, 4.63 ± 1.30 and 4.36 ± 1.21, respectively. Mean WDDS was higher in urban regions across all seasons. Women in urban regions generated more income through off-farm activities, had better access to markets and consumed significantly more 'meat, poultry and fish' ( < 0.001), dairy products ( < 0.05), 'vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables' ( < 0.001) and 'other vegetables' ( < 0.001) during the lean season, whilst rural women ate more dark green leafy vegetables ( < 0.001) during the same period. Poorer households in the rural setting were more likely to be affected by seasonally limited food availability and accessibility. Hence, strengthening the linkages between market participation, agricultural activities, improved food storage and preservation techniques and dietary intake is recommended.
发展中国家的小农户主要依赖雨养农业活动，因此季节性会影响饮食习惯并导致微量营养素缺乏。本研究评估了乌干达卡普乔瓦区三个农业季节中妇女的饮食多样性得分（WDDS）。在2016年5月至2017年1月期间的每个季节，对来自小农户家庭且有5岁以下儿童的445名妇女进行了社会人口特征以及饮食习惯方面的访谈。线性回归模型估计了不同季节间WDDS的差异。青黄不接季节、收获季节和收获后季节的平均WDDS分别为4.33±1.21、4.63±1.30和4.36±1.21。在所有季节中，城市地区的平均WDDS更高。城市地区的妇女通过非农业活动获得了更多收入，有更好的市场准入机会，并且在青黄不接季节显著消费更多的“肉类、家禽和鱼类”（<0.001）、乳制品（<0.05）、“富含维生素A的水果和蔬菜”（<0.001）以及“其他蔬菜”（<0.001），而农村妇女在同一时期食用更多的深绿叶蔬菜（<0.001）。农村地区较贫困的家庭更有可能受到季节性食物供应和获取受限的影响。因此，建议加强市场参与、农业活动、改进食品储存和保鲜技术与饮食摄入之间的联系。
