School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, Avery Hill Campus, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Road, London SE9 2UG, UK.
The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 19;19(3):1095. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031095.
The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycaemic control and other metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes is still evolving.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on glycaemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The PRISMA framework was the method used to conduct the systematic review and meta-analysis, and the search strategy was based on the population, intervention, control and outcome (PICO) model. The Health Sciences Research databases was accessed via EBSCO-host, and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles. Searches were conducted from inception of the databases until 17 September 2021.
The results identified three distinct areas: glycaemic control, lipid parameters and body mass index. It was found that COVID-19 lockdown led to a significant ( < 0.01) increase in the levels of glycated haemoglobin (%) compared with pre-COVID group (gp) with a mean difference of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.38). Eleven studies contributed to the data for glycated haemoglobin analysis with a total of 16,895 participants (post-COVID-19 lockdown gp, = 8417; pre-COVID gp, = 8478). The meta-analysis of fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) also showed a significant ( < 0.05) increase in levels of post-COVID-19 lockdown gp compared with pre-COVID gp, with a mean difference of 7.19 (95% CI: 5.28, 9.10). Six studies contributed to fasting plasma glucose analysis involving a total of 2327 participants (post-COVID-19 lockdown, = 1159; pre-COVID gp, = 1168). The body mass index (BMI) (kg/m) analysis also demonstrated that post-COVID-19 lockdown gp had a significantly ( < 0.05) higher BMI than the pre-COVID gp with a mean difference of 1.13 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.28), involving six studies and a total of 2363 participants (post-COVID-19 lockdown gp, = 1186; pre-COVID gp, = 1177). There were significantly ( < 0.05) lower levels of total cholesterol (mmol/L), triglyceride (mmol/L) and LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), and higher levels of HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) in the post-COVID-19 lockdown gp compared with pre-COVID gp, although these results were not consistent following sensitivity analysis.
The findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis have demonstrated that COVID-19 lockdown resulted in a significant increase ( < 0.05) in the levels of glycated haemoglobin, fasting glucose and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes. In contrast, the effect of the lockdown on lipid parameters, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol was not consistent.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在探讨 COVID-19 封锁对 2 型糖尿病患者血糖控制和血脂谱的影响。
采用 PRISMA 框架进行系统评价和荟萃分析，检索策略基于人群、干预、对照和结局（PICO）模型。通过 EBSCO 主机访问健康科学研究数据库，并在 EMBASE 上搜索相关文章。从数据库成立之初到 2021 年 9 月 17 日进行检索。
结果确定了三个不同的领域：血糖控制、血脂参数和体重指数。发现 COVID-19 封锁导致糖化血红蛋白（%）水平与 COVID 前组相比显著升高（<0.01），平均差异为 0.34（95%CI：0.30，0.38）。11 项研究为糖化血红蛋白分析提供了数据，共有 16895 名参与者（COVID-19 后封锁组，=8417；COVID 前组，=8478）。空腹血浆葡萄糖（mg/dL）的荟萃分析也显示，COVID-19 后封锁组的水平与 COVID 前组相比显著升高（<0.05），平均差异为 7.19（95%CI：5.28，9.10）。6 项研究参与了空腹血浆葡萄糖分析，共有 2327 名参与者（COVID-19 后封锁组，=1159；COVID 前组，=1168）。体重指数（BMI）（kg/m）分析也表明，COVID-19 后封锁组的 BMI 明显高于 COVID 前组（<0.05），平均差异为 1.13（95%CI：0.99；1.28），涉及 6 项研究和 2363 名参与者（COVID-19 后封锁组，=1186；COVID 前组，=1177）。与 COVID 前组相比，COVID-19 后封锁组的总胆固醇（mmol/L）、甘油三酯（mmol/L）和 LDL 胆固醇（mmol/L）水平显著降低（<0.05），HDL 胆固醇（mg/dL）水平显著升高（<0.05），尽管在敏感性分析后这些结果不一致。
系统评价和荟萃分析的结果表明，COVID-19 封锁导致 2 型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖和体重指数显著升高（<0.05）。相比之下，封锁对总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL 和 HDL 胆固醇等血脂参数的影响并不一致。
