Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 26;19(3):1360. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031360.
Increasingly, people have direct access to e-Health resources such as health information on the Internet, personal health portals, and wearable self-management applications, which have the potential to reinforce the simultaneously growing focus on self-management and wellbeing. To examine these relationships, we searched using keywords self-management, patient-targeting e-Health tools, and health as wellbeing. Direct access to the health information on the Internet or diagnostic apps on a smartphone can help people to self-manage health issues, but also leads to uncertainty, stress, and avoidance. Uncertainties relate to the quality of information and to use and misuse of information. Most self-management support programs focus on medical management. The relationship between self-management and wellbeing is not straightforward. While the influence of stress and negative social emotions on self-management is recognized as an important cause of the negative spiral, empirical research on this topic is limited to health literacy studies. Evidence on health apps showed positive effects on specific actions and symptoms and potential for increasing awareness and ownership by people. Effects on more complex behaviors such as participation cannot be established. This review discovers relatively unknown and understudied angles and perspectives about the relationship between e-Health, self-management, and wellbeing.
越来越多的人可以直接访问电子健康资源，如互联网上的健康信息、个人健康门户和可穿戴自我管理应用程序，这有可能加强同时日益增长的自我管理和健康关注。为了研究这些关系，我们使用了自我管理、以患者为目标的电子健康工具和健康作为健康幸福感等关键词进行了搜索。直接访问互联网上的健康信息或智能手机上的诊断应用程序可以帮助人们自我管理健康问题，但也会导致不确定性、压力和回避。不确定性涉及到信息的质量以及信息的使用和滥用。大多数自我管理支持计划都侧重于医疗管理。自我管理和健康幸福感之间的关系并不简单。虽然压力和负面社会情绪对自我管理的影响被认为是负面螺旋的一个重要原因，但关于这个主题的实证研究仅限于健康素养研究。关于健康应用程序的证据表明，它们对特定的行动和症状有积极影响，并且有可能增加人们的意识和所有权。但对于更复杂的行为（如参与）的影响尚无法确定。这篇综述发现了关于电子健康、自我管理和健康幸福感之间关系的相对未知和研究不足的角度和观点。
