Education Faculty, Autónoma University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 27;19(3):1412. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031412.
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of maturation status on the components of the sprint force-velocity (F-V) profile in young soccer players. Sixty-two young male soccer players from the same professional soccer academy took part in the present study. A cross-sectional design was implemented to compare the main components of the sprint F-V profile (i.e., maximal theoretical force (F), velocity (V), power (P), and ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RF), and decrease in the ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (DRF)) and sprint performance (5, 20, and 30 m sprint time) among participants' maturation stages (i.e., pre-, mid- and post-peak height velocity (PHV) groups). The results show that the ES of differences in 5 min sprint performance, F, and RF (i.e., strength- and acceleration-related components of the sprint F-V profile) were greater between pre- and mid-PHV groups than those between mid- and post-PHV groups (i.e., large and very large effects (1.24 ≤ ES ≤ 2.42) vs. moderate, small, and zero effects (0 ≤ ES ≤ 0.69), respectively). However, the ES of differences in V and DRF (i.e., peak speed-related components of the sprint F-V profile) were greater between mid- and post-PHV groups than those between pre- and mid-PHV groups (i.e., large effects (1.54 ≤ ES ≤ 1.92) vs. moderate effects (-0.59 ≤ ES ≤ 1), respectively). Once the strength development is achieved to a great extent from the pre- to mid-PHV groups, specific strength training methods may be used for young soccer players to improve their sprint performance.
本研究旨在确定成熟状态对年轻足球运动员短跑力量-速度(F-V)特征各组成部分的影响。来自同一职业足球学院的 62 名年轻男性足球运动员参与了本研究。采用横断面设计比较了短跑 F-V 特征的主要组成部分(即最大理论力(F)、速度(V)、功率(P)和水平力与合力的比值(RF)以及水平力与合力比值的下降(DRF))以及短跑表现(5、20 和 30 米短跑时间)在参与者的成熟阶段(即高峰身高速度(PHV)前、中和后期组)之间的差异。结果表明,在 5 分钟冲刺表现、F 和 RF(即短跑 F-V 特征的力量和加速度相关组成部分)方面,前 PHV 组和中 PHV 组之间的差异的 ES 大于中 PHV 组和后 PHV 组之间的差异(即大到非常大效应(1.24≤ES≤2.42)与中、小和零效应(0≤ES≤0.69),分别)。然而,在 V 和 DRF(即短跑 F-V 特征的峰值速度相关组成部分)方面,中 PHV 组和后 PHV 组之间的差异的 ES 大于前 PHV 组和中 PHV 组之间的差异(即大效应(1.54≤ES≤1.92)与中效应(-0.59≤ES≤1),分别)。一旦从 PHV 前期到中期组实现了很大程度的力量发展,可能会使用特定的力量训练方法来提高年轻足球运动员的短跑表现。