Čaušević Denis, Rani Babina, Gasibat Qais, Čović Nedim, Alexe Cristina Ioana, Pavel Silviu Ioan, Burchel Lucian Ovidiu, Alexe Dan Iulian
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Physical Rehabilitation & Medicine (Physiotherapy), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Children (Basel). 2023 Apr 13;10(4):721. doi: 10.3390/children10040721.
The study aimed to investigate differences in anthropometry, body composition (BC), and somatotype in young football players of the same chronological age according to the maturity stage. Overall, 64 elite players (age: 14.28 ± 0.46 years) were evaluated for standing and sitting body height, girth measures, and BC using the bioelectric impedance scale and skinfold thickness. In total, two-thirds (73.44%, n = 47) of football players were classified as on-time maturers, 12.50% (n = 8) were early maturing, and 14.06% (n = 9) were late maturing. Standing and sitting height, leg length, fat-free mass, and muscle mass were significantly different ( < 0.001) across maturity groups. A significant decrease ( < 0.05) with maturity progression was seen for subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds along with a girth increase at all sites ( < 0.05). Early maturers were balanced ectomorphs, while on-time and late maturers featured mesomorph-ectomorph characteristics. The obtained results suggested that mature players have better BC presented as a lower fat percentage along with higher muscle mass, advantages in circumferences, and longitudinal dimensions of the body with highlighted mesomorph features. Maturity can have a substantial influence on body measures, thereby affecting sport-specific performance. Early maturers can use their anthropometric advantages and compensate for a lack of talent, consequently preventing even participation of physically undeveloped players in training. A better understanding of maturity, BC, and somatotypes can help in the selection of young talented players.
该研究旨在调查相同实际年龄的年轻足球运动员在成熟阶段的人体测量学、身体成分（BC）和体型差异。总体而言，对64名精英球员（年龄：14.28±0.46岁）进行了站立和坐高、围度测量，并使用生物电阻抗秤和皮褶厚度测量身体成分。总共有三分之二（73.44%，n = 47）的足球运动员被归类为按时成熟者，12.50%（n = 8）为早熟者，14.06%（n = 9）为晚熟者。成熟组之间的站立和坐高、腿长、去脂体重和肌肉量存在显著差异（<0.001）。随着成熟进程，肩胛下和髂上皮肤褶皱显著减少（<0.05），同时所有部位的围度增加（<0.05）。早熟者是均衡的瘦型体质，而按时成熟者和晚熟者具有中胚层-瘦型体质特征。所得结果表明，成熟球员的身体成分更好，表现为较低的脂肪百分比和较高的肌肉量，在身体周长和纵向维度方面具有优势，突出了中胚层特征。成熟度会对身体测量产生重大影响，从而影响特定运动项目的表现。早熟者可以利用其人体测量学优势并弥补天赋的不足，从而避免身体发育不成熟的球员甚至无法参与训练。更好地了解成熟度、身体成分和体型有助于选拔年轻有天赋的球员。
