Department of Integrated Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 27;23(3):1431. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031431.
This review article was designed to evaluate the existing evidence related to the molecular processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the oral cavity. The World Health Organization stated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission is produced by respiratory droplets and aerosols from the oral cavity of infected patients. The oral cavity structures, keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa, and salivary glands' epithelia express SARS-CoV-2 entry and transmission factors, especially angiotensin converting enzyme Type 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Replication of the virus in cells leads to local and systemic infection spread, and cellular damage is associated with clinical signs and symptoms of the disease in the oral cavity. Saliva, both the cellular and acellular fractions, holds the virus particles and contributes to COVID-19 transmission. The review also presents information about the factors modifying SARS-CoV-2 infection potential and possible local pharmacotherapeutic interventions, which may confine SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and transmission in the oral cavity. The PubMed and Scopus databases were used to search for suitable keywords such as: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, oral virus infection, saliva, crevicular fluid, salivary gland, tongue, oral mucosa, periodontium, gingiva, dental pulp, ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin, diagnosis, topical treatment, vaccine and related words in relevant publications up to 28 December 2021. Data extraction and quality evaluation of the articles were performed by two reviewers, and 63 articles were included in the final review.
这篇综述文章旨在评估与 SARS-CoV-2 在口腔内感染的分子过程相关的现有证据。世界卫生组织表示，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）感染和传播是由感染患者口腔中的呼吸道飞沫和气溶胶产生的。口腔结构、角化和非角化黏膜以及唾液腺上皮表达 SARS-CoV-2 进入和传播因子，特别是血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）和跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶 2（TMPRSS2）。病毒在细胞内的复制导致局部和全身感染的传播，细胞损伤与口腔疾病的临床症状和体征有关。唾液，包括细胞和无细胞部分，含有病毒颗粒，并有助于 COVID-19 的传播。该综述还介绍了改变 SARS-CoV-2 感染潜力的因素和可能的局部药物治疗干预措施的信息，这些措施可能限制 SARS-CoV-2 病毒在口腔内的进入和传播。使用 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库搜索了合适的关键词，如 SARS-CoV-2、COVID-19、口腔病毒感染、唾液、龈沟液、唾液腺、舌头、口腔黏膜、牙周组织、牙龈、牙髓、ACE2、TMPRSS2、Furin、诊断、局部治疗、疫苗和相关词汇，以检索 2021 年 12 月 28 日之前的相关出版物。两名审查员对文章进行了数据提取和质量评估，最终有 63 篇文章纳入综述。
