Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 31;23(3):1675. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031675.
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of yeasts on intestinal health and transcriptomic profiles from the distal intestine and spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon fed SBM-based diets in seawater. (CJ) and (WA) yeasts were heat-inactivated with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 °C for 16 h (ACJ and AWA), followed by spray-drying. Six diets were formulated, one based on fishmeal (FM), a challenging diet with 30% soybean meal (SBM) and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast fractions (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). The inclusion of CJ yeasts reduced the loss of enterocyte supranuclear vacuolization and reduced the population of CD8α labeled cells present in the lamina propria of fish fed the SBM diet. The CJ yeasts controlled the inflammatory responses of fish fed SBM through up-regulation of pathways related to wound healing and taurine metabolism. The WA yeasts dampened the inflammatory profile of fish fed SBM through down-regulation of pathways related to toll-like receptor signaling, C-lectin receptor, cytokine receptor and signal transduction. This study suggests that the yeast species, and are novel high-quality protein sources with health-beneficial effects in terms of reducing inflammation associated with feeding plant-based diets to Atlantic salmon.
本研究旨在探究酵母对大西洋鲑肠道健康和转录组谱的影响，研究对象为摄食基于大豆的饲料（SBM）的海水养殖大西洋鲑的远端肠道和脾脏组织。通过喷雾干燥（ICJ 和 IWA）或 50°C 自溶 16 小时（ACJ 和 AWA）对 （CJ）和 （WA）酵母进行热处理失活，随后进行喷雾干燥。共配制了六种饲料，一种基于鱼粉（FM），一种为具有挑战性的饲料，含有 30%大豆粉（SBM），其余四种饲料含有 30% SBM 和 10%的四种酵母部分（即 ICJ、ACJ、IWA 和 AWA）。CJ 酵母的添加减少了摄食 SBM 饲料的鱼的肠细胞核上腔空泡化损失，并减少了固有层中存在的 CD8α 标记细胞的数量。CJ 酵母通过上调与伤口愈合和牛磺酸代谢相关的途径，控制了摄食 SBM 的鱼的炎症反应。WA 酵母通过下调与 Toll 样受体信号、C 型凝集素受体、细胞因子受体和信号转导相关的途径，抑制了摄食 SBM 的鱼的炎症表型。本研究表明，酵母属和属是新型的高质量蛋白质来源，在减少与植物性饲料喂养相关的炎症方面具有有益的健康效应。
