Kozaki Akiko, Aoyanagi Takuya
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan.
Course of Bioscience, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 7;23(3):1876. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031876.
Plants have evolved seeds to permit the survival and dispersion of their lineages by providing nutrition for embryo growth and resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Seed formation is a complicated process that can be roughly divided into embryogenesis and the maturation phase, characterized by accumulation of storage compound, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, arrest of growth, and acquisition of dormancy. Concerted regulation of several signaling pathways, including hormonal and metabolic signals and gene networks, is required to accomplish seed formation. Recent studies have identified the major network of genes and hormonal signals in seed development, mainly in maturation. Gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acids (ABA) are recognized as the main hormones that antagonistically regulate seed development and germination. Especially, knowledge of the molecular mechanism of ABA regulation of seed maturation, including regulation of dormancy, accumulation of storage compounds, and desiccation tolerance, has been accumulated. However, the function of ABA and GA during embryogenesis still remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the sophisticated molecular networks of genes and signaling of GA and ABA in the regulation of seed development from embryogenesis to maturation.
植物进化出种子，通过为胚胎生长提供营养以及抵抗不利环境条件，来确保其谱系的存活和传播。种子形成是一个复杂的过程，大致可分为胚胎发生和成熟阶段，其特征为储存化合物的积累、获得脱水耐受性、生长停滞以及进入休眠状态。要完成种子形成，需要对包括激素和代谢信号以及基因网络在内的多种信号通路进行协同调控。最近的研究已经确定了种子发育过程中，主要是成熟过程中的主要基因网络和激素信号。赤霉素（GA）和脱落酸（ABA）被认为是对种子发育和萌发起拮抗调节作用的主要激素。特别是，关于ABA调控种子成熟的分子机制的知识，包括对休眠、储存化合物积累和脱水耐受性的调控，已经有所积累。然而，ABA和GA在胚胎发生过程中的功能仍然不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对GA和ABA从胚胎发生到成熟调控种子发育过程中，复杂的基因分子网络和信号传导的理解。
