Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2022 Apr;56(8):439-445. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104569. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
To determine associations between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status during a World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions.
From 305 marathon and race-walk starters, 83 completed a preparticipation questionnaire on health and acclimation. Core (T; ingestible pill) and skin (T; thermal camera) temperatures were measured in-competition in 56 and 107 athletes, respectively. 70 in-race medical events were analysed retrospectively. Performance (% personal best) and did not finish (DNF) were extracted from official results.
Peak T during competition reached 39.6°C±0.6°C (maximum 41.1°C). T decreased from 32.2°C±1.3°C to 31.0°C±1.4°C during the races (p<0.001). T was not related to DNF (25% of starters) or medical events (p≥0.150), whereas T, T rate of decrease and T-to-T gradient were (p≤0.029). A third of the athletes reported symptoms in the 10 days preceding the event, mainly insomnia, diarrhoea and stomach pain, with diarrhoea (9% of athletes) increasing the risk of in-race medical events (71% vs 17%, p<0.001). Athletes (63%) who performed 5-30 days heat acclimation before the competition: ranked better (18±13 vs 28±13, p=0.009), displayed a lower peak T (39.4°C±0.4°C vs 39.8°C±0.7°C, p=0.044) and larger in-race decrease in T (-1.4°C±1.0°C vs -0.9°C±1.2°C, p=0.060), than non-acclimated athletes. Although not significant, they also showed lower DNF (19% vs 30%, p=0.273) and medical events (19% vs 32%, p=0.179).
T, T rate of decrease and T-to-T gradient were important indicators of heat tolerance. While heat-acclimated athletes ranked better, recent diarrhoea represented a significant risk factor for DNF and in-race medical events.
在世界田径锦标赛的湿热条件下，确定热反应、医疗事件、表现、热适应和健康状况之间的关联。
在 305 名马拉松和竞走运动员中，有 83 名完成了参赛前的健康和适应情况问卷。分别对 56 名和 107 名运动员的核心（T；可摄入药丸）和皮肤（T；热像仪）温度进行了比赛中测量。回顾性分析了 70 项比赛中的医疗事件。从官方成绩中提取了表现（%个人最佳）和未完成比赛（DNF）。
比赛期间的峰值 T 达到 39.6°C±0.6°C（最高 41.1°C）。T 从 32.2°C±1.3°C 下降到 31.0°C±1.4°C（p<0.001）。T 与 DNF（25%的首发运动员）或医疗事件（p≥0.150）无关，而 T、T 下降率和 T-T 梯度有关（p≤0.029）。三分之一的运动员在比赛前 10 天报告了症状，主要是失眠、腹泻和胃痛，腹泻（9%的运动员）增加了比赛中医疗事件的风险（71%对 17%，p<0.001）。在比赛前进行了 5-30 天热适应的运动员（63%）：表现更好（18±13 对 28±13，p=0.009），峰值 T 较低（39.4°C±0.4°C 对 39.8°C±0.7°C，p=0.044），比赛中 T 的降幅较大（-1.4°C±1.0°C 对-0.9°C±1.2°C，p=0.060），而非适应运动员。虽然没有统计学意义，但他们的 DNF（19%对 30%，p=0.273）和医疗事件（19%对 32%，p=0.179）也较低。
T、T 下降率和 T-T 梯度是热耐受的重要指标。虽然热适应运动员表现更好，但最近的腹泻是 DNF 和比赛中医疗事件的一个重要危险因素。
