Racinais Sebastien, Nichols David, Travers Gavin, Moussay Sebastien, Belfekih Taoufik, Farooq Abdulaziz, Schumacher Yorck Olaf, Périard Julien D
Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.
Br J Sports Med. 2020 Aug;54(16):1003-1007. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100781. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Assess the health status and heat preparation strategies of athletes competing in a World Cycling Championships held in hot ambient conditions (37°C, 25% relative humidity, wet-bulb-globe-temperature 27°C) and monitor the medical events arising during competition.
69 cyclists (~9% of the world championships participants) completed a pre-competition questionnaire. Illnesses and injuries encountered by the Athlete Medical Centre (AMC) were extracted from the race reports.
22% of respondents reported illness symptoms in the 10 days preceding the Championships. 57% of respondents had previously experienced heat-related symptoms (cramping most commonly) while 17% had previously been diagnosed with exertional heat illness. 61% of the respondents had undergone some form of heat exposure prior to the Championships, with 38% acclimating for 5 to 30 days. In addition, several respondents declared to live in warm countries and all arrived in Qatar ~5 days prior to their event. 96% of the respondents used a pre-cooling strategy for the time trials and 74% did so before the road race (p<0.001), with ice vests being the most common. The AMC assessed 46 injuries and 26 illnesses in total, with three cyclists diagnosed with heat exhaustion.
The prevalence of previous heat illness in elite cyclists calls for team and event organisation doctors to be trained on heat illness management, including early diagnosis and rapid on-site cooling. Some cyclists had been exposed to the heat prior to the Championships, but few had a dedicated plan, calling for additional education on the importance of heat acclimation. Pre-cooling was widely adopted.
评估在炎热环境条件（37°C，相对湿度25%，湿球黑球温度27°C）下参加世界自行车锦标赛的运动员的健康状况和热准备策略，并监测比赛期间出现的医疗事件。
69名自行车运动员（约占世界锦标赛参与者的9%）完成了赛前问卷调查。从比赛报告中提取运动员医疗中心（AMC）遇到的疾病和损伤情况。
22%的受访者报告在锦标赛前10天出现疾病症状。57%的受访者曾有过热相关症状（最常见的是抽筋），而17%的受访者曾被诊断为劳力性热射病。61%的受访者在锦标赛前经历过某种形式的热暴露，其中38%进行了5至30天的热适应。此外，几名受访者称居住在温暖的国家，且所有人都在比赛前约5天抵达卡塔尔。96%的受访者在计时赛中采用了预冷策略，74%的受访者在公路赛之前采用了该策略（p<0.001），其中冰背心是最常用的。AMC总共评估了46例损伤和26例疾病，三名自行车运动员被诊断为热衰竭。
精英自行车运动员中既往热射病的患病率要求团队和赛事组织医生接受热射病管理方面的培训，包括早期诊断和快速现场降温。一些自行车运动员在锦标赛前曾暴露于高温环境，但很少有人有专门的计划，这就需要加强关于热适应重要性的教育。预冷策略被广泛采用。
