Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 May 1;134(5):1300-1311. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00348.2022. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
The purpose of this study was to characterize thermoregulatory and performance responses of elite road-race athletes, while competing in hot, humid, night-time conditions during the 2019 IAAF World Athletic Championships. Male and female athletes, competing in the 20 km racewalk ( = 20 males, 24 females), 50 km racewalk ( = 19 males, 8 females), and marathon ( = 15 males, 22 females) participated. Exposed mean skin (T) and continuous core body (T) temperature were recorded with infrared thermography and ingestible telemetry pill, respectively. The range of ambient conditions (recorded roadside) was 29.3°C-32.7°C air temperature, 46%-81% relative humidity, 0.1-1.7 m·s air velocity, and 23.5°C-30.6°C wet bulb globe temperature. T increased by 1.5 ± 0.1°C but mean T decreased by 1.5 ± 0.4°C over the duration of the races. T and T changed most rapidly at the start of the races and then plateaued, with T showing a rapid increase again at the end, in a pattern mirroring pacing. Performance times were between 3% and 20% (mean = 113 ± 6%) longer during the championships compared with the personal best (PB) of athletes. Overall mean performance relative to PB was correlated with the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) of each race ( = 0.89), but not with thermophysiological variables ( ≤ 0.3). As previously reported in exercise heat stress, in this field study T rose with exercise duration, whereas T showed a decline. The latter contradicts the commonly recorded rise and plateau in laboratory studies at similar ambient temperatures but without realistic air movement. This paper provides a kinetic observation of both core and skin temperatures in 108 elite athletes, during various outdoor competition events, adding to the very limited data so far available in the literature taken during elite competitions. The field skin temperature findings contrast previous laboratory findings, likely due to differences in relative air velocity and its impact on the evaporation of sweat. The rapid rise in skin temperature following cessation of exercise highlights the importance of infrared thermography measurements being taken during motion, not during breaks, when being used as a measurement of skin temperature during exercise.
本研究的目的是描述精英路跑运动员在 2019 年国际田联世界田径锦标赛期间，在炎热、潮湿、夜间条件下进行比赛时的体温调节和运动表现反应。参加 20 公里竞走（=20 名男性，24 名女性）、50 公里竞走（=19 名男性，8 名女性）和马拉松（=15 名男性，22 名女性）比赛的男性和女性运动员都参与了此次研究。通过红外热成像和可摄入的遥测药丸分别记录暴露的平均皮肤（T）和连续核心体温（T）。环境条件范围（路边记录）为空气温度 29.3°C-32.7°C，相对湿度 46%-81%，空气速度 0.1-1.7 m·s，湿球黑球温度 23.5°C-30.6°C。比赛过程中 T 升高了 1.5°C±0.1°C，但平均 T 下降了 1.5°C±0.4°C。T 和 T 的变化在比赛开始时最快，然后趋于平稳，T 在比赛结束时再次快速上升，这种模式与配速相吻合。与运动员的个人最佳成绩（PB）相比，锦标赛期间的比赛时间延长了 3%-20%（平均为 113±6%）。整体相对于 PB 的平均表现与每场比赛的湿球黑球温度（WBGT）相关（=0.89），但与体温变量无关（≤0.3）。如先前在运动热应激中的研究所述，在本现场研究中，随着运动时间的延长，T 升高，而 T 下降。后者与在类似环境温度下但没有实际空气流动的实验室研究中通常记录的 T 升高和平台期相矛盾。本研究提供了 108 名精英运动员在各种户外比赛中核心和皮肤温度的动力学观察结果，这增加了目前文献中在精英比赛中获得的非常有限的数据。现场皮肤温度的研究结果与先前的实验室研究结果形成对比，这可能是由于相对空气速度的差异及其对汗液蒸发的影响。运动停止后皮肤温度的快速上升强调了在使用运动期间的红外热成像测量作为运动期间皮肤温度的测量时，在运动期间而不是在休息期间进行测量的重要性。
