The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Feb;7(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008278.
Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, which have different impact in women and men. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was correlated with LE in women and men.
Gender equality in the 27 European Union (EU) member states between 2010 and 2019 was estimated using a modified Gender Equality Index (mGEI), based on the index developed by the European Institute for Gender Equality. The correlation between this mGEI and LE and the gender gap in LE was calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.
Between 2010 and 2019, LE increased more for men than women, which resulted in a narrowing of the gender gap in LE in the EU. During the same period, there was an increase in gender equality, as measured by the mGEI, although with substantial heterogeneity between countries. There was a strong correlation between the mGEI and the gender gap in LE (-0.880), which was explained by a stronger correlation between the mGEI and longer LE in men than in women (0.655 vs 0.629, respectively). The domains of the mGEI most strongly associated with a narrowing of the gender gap in LE were health, money and knowledge, while power was the domain with the weakest association.
Gender equality appears to be at least as beneficial to men as women with regard to LE, thus reinforcing the key role gender equality plays in improving population health and longevity.
预期寿命（LE）取决于健康的更广泛决定因素，这些因素对女性和男性的影响不同。因此，本研究旨在调查性别平等是否与女性和男性的 LE 相关。
使用基于欧洲性别平等研究所开发的指数的改良性别平等指数（mGEI），评估 2010 年至 2019 年间 27 个欧盟（EU）成员国的性别平等。使用 Spearman 相关系数计算 mGEI 与 LE 之间的相关性以及 LE 的性别差距。
在 2010 年至 2019 年间，男性的 LE 增长幅度超过女性，导致 EU 中 LE 的性别差距缩小。在此期间，mGEI 衡量的性别平等有所提高，尽管各国之间存在很大的异质性。mGEI 与 LE 性别差距之间存在很强的相关性（-0.880），这归因于 mGEI 与男性 LE 之间的相关性强于女性（分别为 0.655 与 0.629）。mGEI 与缩小 LE 性别差距最密切相关的领域是健康、金钱和知识，而权力是相关性最弱的领域。
就 LE 而言，性别平等似乎对男性和女性都至少有益，从而加强了性别平等在改善人口健康和长寿方面的关键作用。
