社区卫生工作者在解决农业工人健康差距方面的作用。

Community Health Workers' Role in Addressing Farmworker Health Disparities.

机构信息

Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.

出版信息

J Agromedicine. 2022 Oct;27(4):391-401. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2022.2040069. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Abstract

Community health workers (CHWs) are uniquely positioned to connect migrant and seasonal farmworkers to health promotion and clinical services. However, research on CHWs' experiences, particularly related to their provision of health education to farmworkers, is limited. To explore CHWs' practices and challenges in conducting health education outreach, we conducted three focus group discussions with farmworker health CHWs (N = 28) in North Carolina in the spring of 2020. We analyzed the focus group transcripts, and we compared the code outputs, thematic code summaries, and memos maintained throughout the analytic process to examine the experiences of CHWs in acquiring and disseminating health information and resources, including use of technology. We identified three themes related to CHWs' experiences providing health information to farmworkers. First, CHWs described short-term preparation, immediately before providing health outreach, and long-term activities, devoted to maintaining and improving their capacity to provide relevant health information to farmworkers. Second, they described their use of health education delivery methods, including open-ended questions, participatory and interactive approaches, and non-verbal aids. Third, participants described their current use of technology and related challenges, as well as the technology needed to enhance health outreach, including internet access. Findings reveal opportunities to improve farmworker health education through professional development for CHWs, identification of preferred methods of health education delivery to farmworkers, and provision of technology to farmworker-serving organizations. Establishing rural internet access and equipping outreach organizations with technology would position CHWs to be maximally effective as they strive to reduce farmworkers' health inequities. CHW: Community health worker; FGD: focus group discussion; NC: North Carolina.

摘要

社区卫生工作者(CHW)在将移民和季节性农业工人与健康促进和临床服务联系起来方面具有独特的优势。然而,关于 CHW 的经验,特别是与他们向农业工人提供健康教育相关的经验的研究是有限的。为了探索 CHW 在开展健康教育外展方面的实践和挑战,我们在 2020 年春季在北卡罗来纳州对 28 名农业工人健康 CHW 进行了三次焦点小组讨论。我们分析了焦点小组的记录,并比较了整个分析过程中保持的代码输出、主题代码摘要和备忘录,以检查 CHW 在获取和传播健康信息和资源方面的经验,包括技术的使用。我们确定了与 CHW 向农业工人提供健康信息相关的三个主题。首先,CHW 描述了短期准备,即在提供健康外展之前,以及长期活动,致力于维护和提高向农业工人提供相关健康信息的能力。其次,他们描述了他们使用健康教育交付方法,包括开放式问题、参与式和互动式方法以及非语言辅助手段。第三,参与者描述了他们目前使用技术和相关挑战,以及增强健康外展所需的技术,包括互联网接入。研究结果表明,通过为 CHW 提供专业发展、确定向农业工人提供健康教育的首选方法以及为农业工人服务组织提供技术,可以改善农业工人健康教育。建立农村互联网接入并为外展组织配备技术将使 CHW 能够在努力减少农业工人健康不平等方面发挥最大作用。CHW:社区卫生工作者;FGD:焦点小组讨论;NC:北卡罗来纳州。

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