Lemaire Coralie, Le Gallou Brice, Lanotte Philippe, Mereghetti Laurent, Pastuszka Adeline
Université de Tours, INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, BRMF, Tours, France.
Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jan 31;13:828031. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828031. eCollection 2022.
Streptococci form a wide group of bacteria and are involved in both human and animal pathologies. Among pathogenic isolates, differences have been highlighted especially concerning their adaptation and virulence profiles. CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified in bacteria and many streptococci harbor one or more systems, particularly subtypes I-C, II-A, and III-A. Since the demonstration that CRISPR-Cas act as an adaptive immune system in , a lactic bacteria, the diversity and role of CRISPR-Cas were extended to many germs and functions were enlarged. Among those, the genome editing tool based on the properties of Cas endonucleases is used worldwide, and the recent attribution of the Nobel Prize illustrates the importance of this tool in the scientific world. Another application is CRISPR loci analysis, which allows to easily characterize isolates in order to understand the interactions of bacteria with their environment and visualize species evolution. In this review, we focused on the distribution, diversity and roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in the main pathogenic streptococci.
链球菌构成了一大类细菌，涉及人类和动物的病理学。在致病性分离株中，尤其在它们的适应性和毒力特征方面已凸显出差异。CRISPR-Cas系统已在细菌中被鉴定出来，许多链球菌拥有一个或多个系统，特别是I-C、II-A和III-A亚型。自从证明CRISPR-Cas在一种乳酸菌中作为适应性免疫系统起作用以来，CRISPR-Cas的多样性和作用已扩展到许多细菌，其功能也得到了扩展。其中，基于Cas核酸内切酶特性的基因组编辑工具在全球范围内得到应用，最近的诺贝尔奖授予说明了该工具在科学界的重要性。另一个应用是CRISPR位点分析，它可以轻松地对分离株进行特征描述，以便了解细菌与其环境的相互作用并可视化物种进化。在本综述中，我们重点关注了CRISPR-Cas系统在主要致病性链球菌中的分布、多样性和作用。
