Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
PeerJ. 2022 Jan 14;10:e12804. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12804. eCollection 2022.
Water yield is an ecosystem service that is vital to not only human life, but also sustainable development of the social economy and ecosystem. This study used annual average precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, plant available water content, soil depth, biophysical parameters, Zhang parameter, and land use/land cover (LULC) as input data for the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to estimate the water yield of Shangri-La City from 1974 to 2015. The spatiotemporal variations and associated factors (precipitation, evapotranspiration, LULC, and topographic factors) in water yield ecosystem services were then analyzed. The result showed that: (1) The water yield of Shangri-La City decreases from north and south to the center and showed a temporal trend from 1974 to 2015 of an initial decrease followed by an increase. Areas of higher average water yield were mainly in Hutiaoxia Town, Jinjiang Town, and Shangjiang Township. (2) Areas of importance for water yield in the study area which need to be assigned priority protection were mainly concentrated in the west of Jiantang Town, in central Xiaozhongdian Town, in central Gezan Township, in northwestern Dongwang Township, and in Hutiaoxia Town. (3) Water yield was affected by precipitation, evapotranspiration, vegetation type, and topographic factors. Water yield was positively and negatively correlated with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, respectively. The average water yield of shrubs exceeded that of meadows and forests. Terrain factors indirectly affected the ecosystem service functions of water yield by affecting precipitation and vegetation types. The model used in this study can provide references for relevant research in similar climatic conditions.
水资源量是一种生态系统服务，不仅对人类生活至关重要，而且对社会经济和生态系统的可持续发展也至关重要。本研究使用年平均降水量、潜在蒸散量、植物有效水含量、土壤深度、生物物理参数、张参数和土地利用/土地覆被（LULC）作为输入数据，用于综合生态系统服务权衡评估（InVEST）模型来估计香格里拉市从 1974 年到 2015 年的水资源量。然后分析了水资源量生态系统服务的时空变化及其相关因素（降水、蒸散、LULC 和地形因素）。结果表明：（1）香格里拉市的水资源量从北向南减少，呈现出从 1974 年到 2015 年先减少后增加的时间趋势。平均水资源量较高的地区主要集中在虎跳峡镇、金江镇和上江乡。（2）研究区对水资源量重要的需要优先保护的地区主要集中在尖塘镇西部、小中甸镇中部、格咱乡中部、东旺乡西北部和虎跳峡镇。（3）水资源量受降水、蒸散、植被类型和地形因素的影响。水资源量与降水呈正相关，与潜在蒸散量呈负相关。灌木的平均水资源量超过草地和森林。地形因素通过影响降水和植被类型间接影响水资源量的生态系统服务功能。本研究中使用的模型可为类似气候条件下的相关研究提供参考。
