Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
Biochimie. 2022 Jun;197:86-95. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.005. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
Gynecological cancers that affect female reproductive tract, remain at the top of the global cancer burden list with high relapse rate and mortality. Notwithstanding development of several novel therapeutic interventions including poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, this family of malignancies remain deadly. The human microbiome project demonstrated that dysbiosis of health resident microflora is associated with several pathologies including malignancies of the female reproductive tract and detailed characterization of species variation and host-microbe interaction could provide clues for identification of early diagnostic biomarker, preventive and therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence suggests that several microbial signatures are significantly associated with gynecological cancers. An increased population of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes followed by significantly reduced Lactobacilli are associated with lethal epithelial ovarian cancer. Similarly, a constant association of elevated level of Atopobium vaginae, Porphyromonas somerae, Micrococci and Gardnerella vaginalis are observed in endometrial and cervical cancers. Moreover, human papilloma virus infection significantly augments colonization of pathogenic microbes including Sneathia sanguinegens, Anaerococcus tetradius, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and drives carcinoma of the cervix. Interestingly, microbial dysbiosis in female reproductive tract modulates expression of several microbial and immune-responsive genes such as TLR-4, TLR-5, TLR-6 and NOD-1. Therefore, stringent investigation into the microbial dysbiosis and its underlying mechanism could provide valuable cues for identification of early diagnostic biomarker, preventive and therapeutic interventions against rogue gynecological malignancies.
影响女性生殖道的妇科癌症仍然位居全球癌症负担榜首，其复发率和死亡率都很高。尽管包括聚 ADP-核糖聚合酶抑制剂在内的几种新型治疗干预措施已经得到了发展，但这一系列恶性肿瘤仍然是致命的。人类微生物组计划表明，健康常驻微生物群落的失调与包括女性生殖道恶性肿瘤在内的几种病理有关，对物种变异和宿主-微生物相互作用的详细描述可以为识别早期诊断生物标志物、预防和治疗干预措施提供线索。新出现的证据表明，几种微生物特征与妇科癌症显著相关。厚壁菌门和Firmicutes 的种群增加，随后是乳酸杆菌的显著减少，与致命的上皮性卵巢癌有关。同样，在子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌中，Atopobium vaginae、Porphyromonas somerae、Micrococci 和 Gardnerella vaginalis 的水平升高也存在恒定的关联。此外，人乳头瘤病毒感染显著增加了包括 Sneathia sanguinegens、Anaerococcus tetradius 和 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 在内的致病微生物的定植，并导致宫颈癌。有趣的是，女性生殖道的微生物失调会调节几种微生物和免疫反应基因的表达，如 TLR-4、TLR-5、TLR-6 和 NOD-1。因此，严格研究微生物失调及其潜在机制，可以为识别早期诊断生物标志物、预防和治疗妇科恶性肿瘤提供有价值的线索。
