Viaroli Stefano, Lancia Michele, Re Viviana
Sciences Department, Roma Tre University, Largo S. L. Murialdo 1, 00146 Rome, Italy.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road, 1088, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road, 1088, Shenzhen, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 10;824:153851. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153851. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
Groundwater is a primary water source which supplies more than 2 billion people. The increasing population and urbanization of rural areas stresses and depletes the groundwater systems, reducing the groundwater quality. Among the emerging contaminants, microplastics (MPs) are becoming an important issue due to their persistency in the environment. Seepage through the pores and fractures as well as the interaction with colloidal aggregates can partially affect the MPs dynamics in the subsoil, making the detection of the MPs in the groundwater systems challenging. Based on literature, a critical analysis of MPs in groundwater is presented from a hydrogeological point of view. In addition, a review of the MPs data potentially affecting the groundwater systems are included. MPs in groundwater may have several sources, including the atmosphere, the interaction with surface water bodies, urban infrastructures, or agricultural soils. The characterization of both the groundwater dynamics and the heterogeneity of MPs is suggested, proposing a new framework named "Hydrogeoplastic Model". MPs detection methods aimed at characterizing the smaller fragments are necessary to clarify the fate of these contaminants in the aquifers. This review also aims to support future research on MP contamination in groundwater, pointing out the current knowledge and the future risks which could affect groundwater resources worldwide.
地下水是一种主要水源，为超过20亿人提供供水。人口增长和农村地区城市化给地下水系统带来压力并使其枯竭，导致地下水质量下降。在新出现的污染物中，微塑料因其在环境中的持久性而成为一个重要问题。通过孔隙和裂缝的渗流以及与胶体聚集体的相互作用会部分影响微塑料在土壤下层的动态，使得在地下水系统中检测微塑料具有挑战性。基于文献，从水文地质角度对地下水中的微塑料进行了批判性分析。此外，还纳入了对可能影响地下水系统的微塑料数据的综述。地下水中的微塑料可能有多种来源，包括大气、与地表水体的相互作用、城市基础设施或农业土壤。建议对地下水动态和微塑料的非均质性进行表征，提出一个名为“水文地质塑料模型”的新框架。为了弄清楚这些污染物在含水层中的归宿，需要有旨在表征较小碎片的微塑料检测方法。本综述还旨在支持未来关于地下水中微塑料污染的研究，指出当前的认识以及可能影响全球地下水资源的未来风险。
