Sarmiento Jeymy T, Portilla Jaime
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, D.C, Colombia.
Curr Org Synth. 2023;20(1):77-95. doi: 10.2174/1570179419666220218095741.
Advances in molecular probes have recently intensified because they are valuable tools in studying species of interest for human health, the environment, and industry. Among these species, cyanide (CN-) and fluoride (F-) stand out as hazardous and toxic ions in trace amounts. Thus, there is a significant interest in probes design for their detection with diverse diazoles (pyrazole and imidazole) used for this purpose. These diazole derivatives are known as functional molecules because of their known synthetic versatility and applicability, as they exhibit essential photophysical properties with helpful recognition centers. This review provides an overview of the recent progress (2017-2021) in diazole-based sensors for CN- and F- detection, using the azolic ring as a signaling or recognition unit. The discussion focuses on the mechanism of the action described for recognizing the anion, the structure of the probes with the best synthetic simplicity, detection limits (LODs), application, and selectivity. In this context, the analysis involves probes for cyanide sensing first, then probes for fluoride sensing, and ultimately, dual probes that allow both species recognition.
分子探针领域的进展近来不断加速，因为它们是研究对人类健康、环境和工业有益的物种的宝贵工具。在这些物种中，氰化物（CN-）和氟化物（F-）作为痕量的有害和有毒离子而格外突出。因此，人们对使用各种用于此目的的二唑（吡唑和咪唑）设计用于检测它们的探针有着浓厚的兴趣。这些二唑衍生物因其已知的合成多功能性和适用性而被称为功能分子，因为它们具有基本的光物理性质以及有用的识别中心。本综述概述了基于二唑的用于检测CN-和F-的传感器的最新进展（2017 - 2021年），使用唑环作为信号或识别单元。讨论重点在于描述的识别阴离子的作用机制、具有最佳合成简易性的探针结构、检测限（LOD）、应用和选择性。在此背景下，分析首先涉及用于氰化物传感的探针，然后是用于氟化物传感的探针，最后是能够识别这两种物质的双功能探针。
