Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
General Surgery and Clinical Laboratory, Emergency University Hospital Arad, Arad, Romania.
J Med Life. 2022 Jan;15(1):4-6. doi: 10.25122/jml-2020-0098.
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays an important role in inflammatory, infectious, and tumor processes, and it is closely related to the early stages of gastric cancer. It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced not only by macrophages and monocytes but also by the lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and some tumor cell lines. Large amounts of TNF are released upon contact of macrophages, CD4 + T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells with lipopolysaccharides, bacterial products, and interleukin 1. TNF-alpha inducing protein (Tipa) is a unique carcinogenic factor of Helicobacter pylori, secreted into culture broth. The biological activities of TNF alpha and deletion mutant were studied. TNF alpha protein specifically binds to cell-surface nucleolin and then enters the gastric cancer cells, where TNF-a and chemokine gene expressions are induced by NF-jB activation. Nucleolin localizes on the surface of gastric cancer cells, and interaction between TNF alpha and cell-surface nucleolin causes a cancer-oriented microenvironment that increases the risk of gastric cancer. This paper discusses a mechanism of gastric cancer development and the clinical significance of tumor necrosis-alpha and carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric cancer.
肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α在炎症、感染和肿瘤过程中发挥重要作用，与胃癌的早期阶段密切相关。它是一种促炎细胞因子，不仅由巨噬细胞和单核细胞产生，也由淋巴细胞、肥大细胞、中性粒细胞、角质形成细胞、平滑肌细胞和一些肿瘤细胞系产生。巨噬细胞、CD4+T 淋巴细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞接触脂多糖、细菌产物和白细胞介素 1 时，会释放大量的 TNF。TNF-α诱导蛋白（Tipa）是幽门螺杆菌特有的致癌因子，分泌到培养液中。研究了 TNFα 和缺失突变体的生物学活性。TNFα 蛋白特异性结合到细胞表面核仁素上，然后进入胃癌细胞，通过 NF-jB 激活诱导 TNF-a 和趋化因子基因表达。核仁素定位于胃癌细胞表面，TNFα 与细胞表面核仁素的相互作用导致有利于癌症的微环境，增加胃癌的风险。本文讨论了胃癌发生的机制以及肿瘤坏死-α 和癌胚抗原在胃癌中的临床意义。
