决定50岁以上身体活跃女性跌倒风险的平衡因素。
Factors of balance determining the risk of falls in physically active women aged over 50 years.
作者信息
Bednarczuk Grzegorz, Rutkowska Izabela
机构信息
Department of Movement Teaching, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2022 Feb 15;10:e12952. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12952. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Balance disorders are believed to be one of the main reasons for falls in older adults. They are related to natural processes of ageing, resulting in deterioration of information integration and processing from the vestibular, somatosensory and visual systems. The consequence is an increased number of postural sways, which are some of balance factors. Balance control in static and dynamic activities is an essential element of daily functioning of older citizens. It seems that balance assessment is essential to determine the risk of falls, as well as to determine which factors of balance have greatest impact on the risk of falls.
METHODS
The study involved physically active female students ( = 36, mean age 67,11 ± 5,35) of a University of the Third Age. We used the Balance System SD platform to assess their balance in four tests with eyes open and with eyes closed and to determine the risk of falls. We assessed the relationships between individual balance indices (overall stability index, anterior/posterior stability index, medial/lateral stability index) and the falls risk index. We also determined those factors which predicted the risk of falls the most.
RESULTS
The studied subjects had low risk of falls for their age category. In most measurements there were relationships between the risk of falls and the size of sways in the coronal plane and the overall stability index. We also found that the overall stability index calculated in measurements with eyes closed predicted the risk of falls of the studied physically active females most accurately (R 0.391 F(1.34)=23.475; <0.000). The subjects were physically active and their falls risk index was low - this allowed us to presume that there was a relationship between these two factors. Preventive programmes should include exercise performed with eyes closed, and tests conducted with eyes closed seem to be most sensitive in determining balance disorders in physically active women.
背景
平衡障碍被认为是老年人跌倒的主要原因之一。它们与衰老的自然过程相关，导致前庭、体感和视觉系统的信息整合与处理能力下降。结果是姿势摇摆次数增加，而姿势摇摆是平衡因素之一。静态和动态活动中的平衡控制是老年人日常功能的重要组成部分。似乎平衡评估对于确定跌倒风险以及确定哪些平衡因素对跌倒风险影响最大至关重要。
方法
该研究涉及第三年龄大学的身体活跃的女学生（n = 36，平均年龄67.11 ± 5.35岁）。我们使用平衡系统SD平台在睁眼和闭眼的四种测试中评估她们的平衡，并确定跌倒风险。我们评估了个体平衡指标（整体稳定性指标、前后稳定性指标、内外侧稳定性指标）与跌倒风险指标之间的关系。我们还确定了最能预测跌倒风险的因素。
结果
就其年龄类别而言，研究对象的跌倒风险较低。在大多数测量中，跌倒风险与冠状面摇摆大小和整体稳定性指标之间存在关联。我们还发现，闭眼测量中计算出的整体稳定性指标最准确地预测了所研究的身体活跃女性的跌倒风险（R = 0.391，F(1,34) = 23.475；p < 0.000）。这些受试者身体活跃且跌倒风险指标较低——这使我们能够推测这两个因素之间存在关联。预防计划应包括闭眼进行的锻炼，并且闭眼进行的测试似乎在确定身体活跃女性的平衡障碍方面最为敏感。
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