Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(25):4445-4473. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666220221094044.
Exosomes and liposomes are vesicular nanoparticles that can encapsulate functional cargo. The chemical similarities between naturally occurring exosomes and synthetic liposomes have accelerated the development of exosome mimetics as a therapeutic drug delivery platform under physiological and pathological environments. To maximise the applications of exosomes and liposomes in the clinical setting, it is essential to look into their basic chemical properties and utilise these characteristics to optimise the preparation, loading, modification and hybridisation. This review summarises the chemical and biological properties of both exosomal and liposomal systems as well as some of the challenges related to their production and application. This article concludes with a discussion on potential perspectives for the integration of exosomal and liposomal technologies in mapping better approaches for their biomedical use, especially in therapeutics.
外泌体和脂质体是囊泡状纳米颗粒，能够包裹功能性货物。天然外泌体和合成脂质体之间的化学相似性加速了外泌体模拟物的发展，成为生理和病理环境下治疗性药物递送平台。为了最大限度地将外泌体和脂质体应用于临床，必须研究它们的基本化学性质，并利用这些特性优化其制备、装载、修饰和杂交。本文综述了外泌体和脂质体系统的化学和生物学特性，以及与它们的生产和应用相关的一些挑战。本文最后讨论了外泌体和脂质体技术在更好地为其生物医学用途（特别是在治疗学方面）绘制方法方面整合的潜在前景。
