Department of Clinical Sciences (Cardiology), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Radiology, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Investig Med. 2022 Jun;70(5):1308-1315. doi: 10.1136/jim-2021-002296. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
Recent evidence has linked certain mammographic characteristics, including breast calcifications (Bcs) and mammographic density (MD), with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors in women, but data are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association of MD and/or Bcs with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age. Through hospital electronic records, we retrospectively identified mammograms of non-pregnant women aged ≥40 years and without breast cancer and retrieved reports and relevant data. MD and Bcs were recorded; risk factor status was diagnosed based on treatment profile and clinical and laboratory data. In total, 1406 women were included. MD was inversely related to hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, triglyceride levels, age, and body mass index (BMI) (p value for trend <0.001). Bcs were positively associated with hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, age, BMI, and elevated creatinine (p<0.05). Controlling for age and BMI, MD category A (MD-A) was independently associated with hypercholesterolemia; Bcs were independently associated with diabetes. Combining MD-A with Bcs did not increase the odds significantly. Analysis for additive interactions revealed a significant interaction between MD-A and BMI, increasing the odds of hypertension, and a trend for increased odds of diabetes by adding MD-A and/or Bcs to BMI. Decreased MD and presence of Bcs are associated with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age. MD-A may represent a new obesity index independently associated with hypercholesterolemia and additive to hypertension risk. Bcs are independently associated with diabetes. Combining MD and Bcs did not improve the odds significantly, which may reflect mechanistic differences.
最近的证据表明，某些乳房 X 线照相特征，包括乳房钙化（BCs）和乳房 X 线照相密度（MD），与女性动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的危险因素有关，但数据有限且不一致。我们旨在评估 MD 和/或 Bcs 与≥40 岁女性的高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症之间的关联。通过医院电子病历，我们回顾性地确定了≥40 岁且无乳腺癌的非妊娠女性的乳房 X 光片，并检索了报告和相关数据。记录了 MD 和 Bcs；根据治疗方案和临床及实验室数据诊断危险因素状况。共纳入 1406 名女性。MD 与高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、甘油三酯水平、年龄和体重指数（BMI）呈负相关（趋势 p 值<0.001）。BCs 与高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、年龄、BMI 和肌酐升高呈正相关（p<0.05）。在控制年龄和 BMI 后，MD 类别 A（MD-A）与高胆固醇血症独立相关；BCs 与糖尿病独立相关。将 MD-A 与 Bcs 结合使用并不会显著增加优势比。对附加交互作用的分析表明，MD-A 与 BMI 之间存在显著的交互作用，增加了高血压的优势比，并通过将 MD-A 和/或 Bcs 添加到 BMI 中，增加了糖尿病的优势比趋势。MD 减少和 Bcs 的存在与≥40 岁女性的高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症有关。MD-A 可能代表一个新的肥胖指数，与高胆固醇血症独立相关，并且增加了高血压的风险。BCs 与糖尿病独立相关。将 MD 和 Bcs 结合使用并不会显著提高优势比，这可能反映了机制上的差异。
