Karol M H
Crit Rev Toxicol. 1986;16(4):349-79. doi: 10.3109/10408448609037467.
Numerous industrial chemicals are known to cause allergic reactions in the lung. Prominent among such chemicals are isocyanates, the starting material in the production of polyurethanes. In view of the extensive worldwide production of isocyanates (1.5 million metric tons per year), and the diversity of products manufactured from isocyanates (i.e., cars, airplanes, furniture, bedding, etc.) there is considerable potential for adverse health effects associated with exposure to isocyanates. Syndromes of immediate respiratory reactivity, delayed-onset sensitivity, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis have all been associated with isocyanate exposure. However, little is known concerning how sensitivity develops, which individuals are most likely to become sensitized, or how to best detect early sensitivity. Answers to such questions are beginning to emerge from the recent development of animal models of lung sensitivity. These models will be discussed together with their application to clinical situations.
已知许多工业化学品会引发肺部过敏反应。这类化学品中突出的是异氰酸酯，它是生产聚氨酯的起始原料。鉴于异氰酸酯在全球的广泛生产（每年150万吨），以及由异氰酸酯制造的产品种类繁多（即汽车、飞机、家具、床上用品等），接触异氰酸酯存在相当大的健康危害可能性。即刻呼吸反应性综合征、迟发性敏感性和过敏性肺炎都与异氰酸酯接触有关。然而，对于敏感性如何发展、哪些个体最有可能致敏，或者如何最好地检测早期敏感性，人们知之甚少。随着肺部敏感性动物模型的最新发展，这类问题的答案开始浮现。将讨论这些模型及其在临床情况中的应用。
