Luo Haiyan, Li Yingbo
CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2023;184:187-218. doi: 10.1007/10_2021_187.
Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi that consist of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and imperfect fungi. They have been long used as tonic and traditional medicine in East Asia, Europe, and Africa. Contemporary pharmacological researches have revealed that they possess a wide spectrum of bioactivity due to their production of a variety of bioactive compounds. Some of them have entered into the market; some are ready for industrial trials and further commercialization, while others are in various stages of development. According to the purpose of usage, a variety of medicinal mushroom-based products have been developed, which could be roughly divided into three general categories, i.e., nutraceuticals/functional foods, nutriceuticals/dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Accordingly, the downstream processing of medicinal mushroom products varies greatly. Indeed, a major characteristic of medicinal mushroom is the wide variety of secondary metabolites, due to which a broad spectrum of separation techniques must be employed. In this chapter we will present an overview of the achievements in downstream processing technology for medicinal mushroom products. Examples of separation of products such as bioactive high-molecular-weight products like polysaccharides and low-molecular-weight products like triterpenoids are given. The application of some special separation strategy, e.g., chemical reaction-assisted separation for tackling some analogs with similar physicochemical properties from medicinal mushroom, is also described.
药用蘑菇是高等真菌，包括子囊菌、担子菌和半知菌。在东亚、欧洲和非洲，它们长期以来一直被用作滋补品和传统药物。当代药理学研究表明，由于它们能产生多种生物活性化合物，因而具有广泛的生物活性。其中一些已进入市场；一些已准备好进行工业试验和进一步商业化，而另一些则处于不同的开发阶段。根据使用目的，已开发出多种以药用蘑菇为基础的产品，大致可分为三大类，即营养保健品/功能性食品、营养药品/膳食补充剂和药品。因此，药用蘑菇产品的下游加工差异很大。实际上，药用蘑菇的一个主要特点是次生代谢产物种类繁多，因此必须采用多种分离技术。在本章中，我们将概述药用蘑菇产品下游加工技术的成就。给出了多糖等生物活性高分子量产品和三萜类等低分子量产品等产品分离的实例。还描述了一些特殊分离策略的应用，例如化学反应辅助分离，用于处理药用蘑菇中一些具有相似物理化学性质的类似物。
