Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(2):11239-11268. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001183.
Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries. Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, which are building blocks of vital proteins. In general, mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits with a large spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, osteoprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. Both wild edible and medicinal mushrooms possess strong therapeutic and biological activities, which are evident from their and assays. The multifunctional activities of the mushroom extracts and the targeted potential of each of the compounds in the extracts have a broad range of applications, especially in the healing and repair of various organs and cells in humans. Owing to the presence of the aforementioned properties and rich phytocomposition, mushrooms are being used in the production of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide a clear insight on the commercially cultivated, wild edible, and medicinal mushrooms with comprehensive information on their phytochemical constituents and properties as part of food and medicine for futuristic exploitation. Future outlook and prospective challenges associated with the cultivation and processing of these medicinal mushrooms as functional foods are also discussed.
在历史上，蘑菇在许多国家的饮食中占据了不可或缺的一部分。蘑菇被认为是植物营养素的丰富来源，如多糖、膳食纤维和其他微量营养素，以及各种必需氨基酸，它们是生命蛋白质的组成部分。一般来说，蘑菇具有广泛的健康益处，具有多种药理学特性，包括抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌、骨保护、肾保护、肝保护等。野生食用蘑菇和药用蘑菇都具有很强的治疗和生物活性，这从它们的 和 试验中可以明显看出。蘑菇提取物的多功能活性和提取物中每种化合物的靶向潜力具有广泛的应用，特别是在人类各种器官和细胞的治疗和修复方面。由于存在上述特性和丰富的植物成分，蘑菇被用于生产营养保健品和药品。本综述旨在提供关于商业种植、野生食用和药用蘑菇的清晰见解，全面介绍其植物化学成分和特性，作为食品和药物的一部分，以进行未来的开发利用。还讨论了与这些药用蘑菇作为功能性食品的种植和加工相关的未来前景和预期挑战。
