G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2023;25(9):11-29. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049147.
Morchella esculenta, commonly known as yellow morels, is an edible and medicinal mushroom popular worldwide for its unique flavor and culinary purposes. The traditional medical system effectively uses morels against infertility, fatigue, cancer, muscular pain, cough, and cold. The M. esculenta possesses many health-promoting nutritional components such as mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, protein hydrolysates, vitamins, amino acids and minerals. The potential medicinal properties of morels is due to polysaccharides (galactomannan, chitin, β-glucans, and β-1,3-1,6-glucan) present that has high economic importance worldwide. Polysaccharides present possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant. However, the toxicity and clinical trials to prove its safety and efficacy for medicinal uses are yet to be evaluated. Moreover, the separation, purification, identification, and structural elucidation of active compounds responsible for the unique flavors and biological activities are still lacking in M. esculenta. The available information provides a new base for future perspectives. It highlights the need for further studies of this potent medicinal mushroom species as a source of beneficial therapeutic drugs and nutraceutical supplements.
羊肚菌，俗称黄羊肚菌，是一种可食用和药用的蘑菇，因其独特的风味和烹饪用途而在世界范围内广受欢迎。传统医学系统有效地利用羊肚菌来治疗不孕、疲劳、癌症、肌肉疼痛、咳嗽和感冒。羊肚菌含有许多促进健康的营养成分，如单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸、多酚、蛋白质水解物、维生素、氨基酸和矿物质。羊肚菌具有潜在的药用特性，是因为其含有多糖（半乳甘露聚糖、几丁质、β-葡聚糖和β-1,3-1,6-葡聚糖），这些多糖在世界范围内具有很高的经济重要性。这些多糖具有广泛的生物活性，如抗癌、抗炎、抗菌、抗糖尿病和抗氧化。然而，其毒性和临床试验仍有待评估，以证明其在医学用途上的安全性和疗效。此外，负责独特风味和生物活性的活性化合物的分离、纯化、鉴定和结构阐明在羊肚菌中仍然缺乏。现有的信息为未来的研究提供了新的基础。它强调了需要进一步研究这种强效药用蘑菇作为有益治疗药物和营养保健品的来源。
