Robustness of ventilation systems in the control of walking-induced indoor fluctuations: Method development and case study.

Walking-induced fluctuations have a significant influence on indoor airflow and pollutant dispersion. This study developed a method to quantify the robustness of ventilation systems in the control of walking-induced fluctuation control. Experiments were conducted in a full-scale chamber with four different kinds of ventilation systems: ceiling supply and side return (CS), ceiling supply and ceiling return (CC), side supply and ceiling return (SC), and side supply and side return (SS). The measured temperature, flow and pollutant field data was (1) denoised by FFT filtering or wavelet transform; (2) fitted by a Gaussian function; (3) feature-extracted for the range and time scale disturbance; and then (4) used to calculate the range scale and time scale robustness for different ventilation systems with dimensionless equations developed in this study. The selection processes for FFT filtering and wavelet transform, FFT filter cut-off frequency, wavelet function, and decomposition layers are also discussed, as well as the threshold for wavelet denoising, which can be adjusted accordingly if the walking frequency or sampling frequency differs from that in other studies. The results show that for the flow and pollutant fields, the use of a ventilation system can increase the range scale robustness by 19.7%-39.4% and 10.0%-38.8%, respectively; and the SS system was 7.0%-25.7% more robust than the other three ventilation systems. However, all four kinds of ventilation systems had a very limited effect in controlling the time scale disturbance.