State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Department of Zoology, Government College Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Jan 28;20(2):108. doi: 10.3390/md20020108.
Environmental microbes living in communities engage in complex interspecies interactions that are challenging to decipher. Nevertheless, the interactions provide the basis for shaping community structure and functioning, which is crucial for ecosystem service. In addition, microbial interactions facilitate specific adaptation and ecological evolution processes particularly essential for microbial communities dwelling in resource-limiting habitats, such as the deep oceans. Recent technological and knowledge advancements provide an opportunity for the study of interactions within complex microbial communities, such as those inhabiting deep-sea waters and sediments. The microbial interaction studies provide insights into developing new strategies for biotechnical applications. For example, cooperative microbial interactions drive the degradation of complex organic matter such as chitins and celluloses. Such microbiologically-driven biogeochemical processes stimulate creative designs in many applied sciences. Understanding the interaction processes and mechanisms provides the basis for the development of synthetic communities and consequently the achievement of specific community functions. Microbial community engineering has many application potentials, including the production of novel antibiotics, biofuels, and other valuable chemicals and biomaterials. It can also be developed into biotechniques for waste processing and environmental contaminant bioremediation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the microbial interaction mechanisms and emerging techniques for inferring interactions in deep-sea microbial communities, aiding in future biotechnological and therapeutic applications.
生存在群落中的环境微生物进行着复杂的种间相互作用，这些相互作用难以被破译。然而，这些相互作用为塑造群落结构和功能提供了基础，这对生态系统服务至关重要。此外，微生物相互作用促进了特定的适应和生态进化过程，这些过程对生活在资源有限的栖息地（如深海）中的微生物群落尤为重要。最近的技术和知识进步为研究复杂微生物群落（如栖息在深海水域和沉积物中的微生物群落）内的相互作用提供了机会。微生物相互作用的研究为开发生物技术应用的新策略提供了思路。例如，合作的微生物相互作用促进了复杂有机物如几丁质和纤维素的降解。这些由微生物驱动的生物地球化学过程刺激了许多应用科学的创造性设计。了解相互作用过程和机制为合成群落的发展提供了基础，从而实现了特定的群落功能。微生物群落工程具有许多应用潜力，包括生产新型抗生素、生物燃料和其他有价值的化学品和生物材料。它还可以发展成为用于处理废物和生物修复环境污染物的生物技术。本综述总结了我们目前对深海微生物群落中相互作用机制的理解和推断相互作用的新兴技术，有助于未来的生物技术和治疗应用。
