Wilson Nina M, McMaster Nicole, Gantulga Dash, Soyars Cara, McCormick Susan P, Knott Ken, Senger Ryan S, Schmale David G
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2017 Apr 15;9(4):141. doi: 10.3390/toxins9040141.
The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common contaminant of wheat, barley, and maize. New strategies are needed to reduce or eliminate DON in feed and food products. Microorganisms from plant and soil samples collected in Blacksburg, VA, USA, were screened by incubation in a mineral salt media containing 100 μg/mL DON and analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Two mixed cultures derived from soil samples consistently decreased DON levels in assays using DON as the sole carbon source. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that 3-keto-4-deoxynivalenol was the major by-product of DON. Via 16S rRNA sequencing, these mixed cultures, including mostly members of the genera , , and were revealed. Incubation of one of these mixed cultures with wheat samples naturally contaminated with 7.1 μg/mL DON indicated nearly complete conversion of DON to the less toxic 3-epimer-DON (3-epi-DON). Our work extends previous studies that have demonstrated the potential for bioprospecting for microorganisms from the environment to remediate or modify mycotoxins for commercial applications, such as the reduction of mycotoxins in fuel ethanol co-products.
单端孢霉烯族霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是小麦、大麦和玉米中常见的污染物。需要新的策略来减少或消除饲料和食品中的DON。对从美国弗吉尼亚州布莱克斯堡采集的植物和土壤样本中的微生物进行筛选，方法是将其在含有100μg/mL DON的矿物盐培养基中培养，并通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC/MS）进行分析。从土壤样本中获得的两种混合培养物在以DON作为唯一碳源的试验中持续降低了DON水平。核磁共振（NMR）分析表明，3 - 酮基 - 4 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇是DON的主要副产物。通过16S rRNA测序，揭示了这些混合培养物，其中主要包括 属、 属和 属的成员。将其中一种混合培养物与天然被7.1μg/mL DON污染的小麦样本一起培养，结果表明DON几乎完全转化为毒性较低的3 - 表异构 - DON（3 - epi - DON）。我们的工作扩展了先前的研究，这些研究表明从环境中进行微生物生物勘探以修复或改造霉菌毒素用于商业应用具有潜力，例如降低燃料乙醇副产品中的霉菌毒素。
